Itiye Eliluhlaza laseBhayimilingi

I-Itiye Eliluhlaza laseBhayimilingi (白马岭绿茶, Báimǎ lǐng lǜchá) yitiye eliluhlaza elisezintabeni eziphakeme elisuka ku-Baima Ridge (“I-Bhayimili Yemikhovu Emhlophe”) enhliziyweni yesiqhingi esishisayo sase-Hainan, ekujuleni kwezintaba zase-Wuzhishan (五指山, “Iminwe Emihlanu”). Leli itiye liyigugu ngokoqobo: umkhiqizo ophambili we-”Báimǎ Wùzhū” (白马雾珠, “Insimbi Yomoya Yomkhovu Omhlophe”) usongwa ube amabhola aminyene afana nensimbi yomoya ezalwe emafini. Izivande zetiye zase-Baima Ridge zitshalwe emhlabathini ovela entaba-mlilo, ogcwele iseleniyamu ngokwemvelo, zizungezwe ihlathi elishisayo elifinyelela ku-86% – endaweni lapho kuba khona inkungu izinsuku ezingaphezu kwama-260 ngonyaka, futhi umoya unama-ion amabi angaphezu kwama-23,000 nge-sentimitha eyisigxobo. Itiye selithole isitifiketi se-GAP (Global Good Agricultural Practices) kanye nokuhlolwa kwase-Europe kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane, kwathi ngo-2017 lathola umklomelo okhethekile weGolide kumqhudelwano wakulo lonke elaseShayina i-”Huá Míng Bēi” (华茗杯).

1. Uhlukaniso Nendabuko:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthisiwe. Lingelesigaba samatiye aluhlaza aphekwe epanini (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá). Umkhiqizo ophambili “Báimǎ Wùzhū” uwukusongeka okunezinhlamvu eziyinsimbi (珠形, zhūxíng); omunye umkhiqizo othi “Yúnwù Lǜchá” unokuma kwemicu yakudala (条形, tiáoxíng).
Isigaba: Itiye elidumile lesifunda sase-Hainan. Umkhiqizo onendawo ebhalisiwe ngokwendawo (核心区 — i-Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County). Unesimo se-”Mkhiqizo Oluhlaza” (绿色食品), “Umkhiqizo Wezolimo Odumile Wesifundazwe sase-Hainan” (海南名牌农产品), “Uphawu Lwezentengiselwano Oludumile Lwesifundazwe sase-Hainan” (海南省著名商标). Umklomelo Okhethekile WeGolide kumqhudelwano we-”Huá Míng Bēi” (华茗杯特别金奖, 2017). Uphumelele isitifiketi se-GAP nokuhlolwa kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ngamazinga e-EU.
Indabuko: EShayina, esifundazweni sase-Hainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), e-Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County (琼中黎族苗族自治县, Qióngzhōng Lízú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn). Itiye likhiqizwa emithambekeni yomgogodla wase-Baima Ridge (白马岭, Báimǎ Lǐng), osendaweni ekujuleni kwezintaba zase-Wuzhishan – indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Hainan (1867 m). Indawo yokukhiqiza iyipulazi lezolimo likahulumeni i-”Wushi” (国营乌石农场, Guóyíng Wūshí Nóngchǎng), manje eseyi-”Hainan Nóngkěn Wūshí Báimǎ Lǐng Cháyè” (海南农垦乌石白马岭茶业有限公司).
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: Cishe u-19°10’ enyakatho, u-109°50’ empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Umlando wetiye waseBaima Ridge usukela emuva eminyakeni eyinkulungwane – esikhathini lapho okhokho babantu base-Li (黎族, Lízú) babebuthela itiye lasendle ezintabeni zase-Wuzhishan ukuze belaphe futhi baphuze nsuku zonke.

Isikhathi sasendulo. Kakumagazini we-”Qióngtáizhì” (《琼台志》, “Umlando Wombhalo [Wesiqhingi] sase-Qióng”), owabhalwa ngesikhathi seMing (1511), sekubhalwe imiqulu yokukhiqiza “芽茶” (itiye lehlumela) kanye “叶茶” (itiye leqabunga) e-Hainan, kufaka phakathi imininingwane yamanani nokuthunyelwa esigodlweni. Emibhalweni yesifunda ye-Qing, umgogodla waseBaima Ridge ubalulwa ngegama elidala i-Sīhé Lǐng (思河岭); abalobi be-”Dìng Ān Xiàn Zhì” (《定安县志》) baphawula ukuthi itiye lase-Sīhé Lǐng “ngobumnandi belidlula itiye lase-Nánlǘlǐng” (南闾岭). Ngesikhathi se-Qing, itiye laseBaima Ridge kanye nelingumakhelwane “Shuǐmǎn Chá” (水满茶) oluvela emithambekeni eseningizimu ye-Wuzhishan kwafakwa ohlwini lwama-”gòngchá” (贡茶, gòngchá) – “amatiye esipho” ayethunyelwa esigodlweni sombusi.

Isikhathi samapulazi kahulumeni (1958–1990). Ngo-1958, ngaphansi kohlelo olukhulu lokuthuthukisa izindawo zezintaba zase-Hainan, kwasungulwa izivande zokuqala zetiye endaweni yase-Wuzhishan. Ngo-1960, e-Baima Ridge kwasungulwa amapulazi etiye kahulumeni i-Língtóu (岭头) ne-Báimǎ Lǐng, kamuva ahlanganiswa nepulazi lase-”Nánfāng” futhi adluliselwa esikhungweni se-National Agricultural Enterprise “Wushi” (国营乌石农场). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Hainan yayikhiqiza kakhulu itiye elibomvu (elimnyama) elithunyelwa ngaphandle – i-CTC itiye lomkhiqizo we-”Yuǎnyáng Pái” (远洋牌) oluvela epulazini lase-Nánhǎi lwaluthunyelwa emazweni ayi-18 emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa i-USA, Japan, ne-France. Ngo-1990, inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwetiye lase-Hainan lase lidlule amathani angama-40,000, lilethela izwe imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-70 ze-yuan.

Inkinga nokuvuselelwa (1990s – kuze kube manje). Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ngemva kokususwa kwesistimu yokuthenga kukahulumeni (统购统销) nokuwa kwamanani etiye elibomvu emhlabeni, imboni yetiye yase-Hainan yabhekana nenkinga enkulu: kuma-mu angu-8,000 ezivande zetiye e-Baima Ridge, kwasala cishe ama-800 kuphela asetshenziswa. Inguquko yafika ngo-2009, lapho ibhizinisi lihlelwa kabusha futhi ligxile ekukhiqizeni itiye eliluhlaza lezinga eliphezulu. Ngo-2011 kwasungulwa umkhiqizo ophawu lwe-”Báimǎ Wùzhū” (白马雾珠) – itiye eliluhlaza elisongeke njengensimbi, okwaba uphawu lomkhiqizo. Ngo-2017 i-”Báimǎ Wùzhū” yathola umklomelo okhethekile weGolide kumqhudelwano wakulo lonke elaseShayina i-”Huá Míng Bēi”. Ngo-2024, indawo yezivande zetiye yayidlule ama-mu angu-8,251, ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwakuyizi-dàn eziyi-10,000 (担, ~amathani angama-500) etiye elomile, futhi izinga lokusebenza ngobuhlakani kwezivande lalingama-80%.
Igama:
- “Báimǎ” (白马) – “Ihhashi Elimhlophe” – yigama lomgogodla wezintaba. Igama lendawo, ngokomunye umbono, lihlobene nokuma komgogodla okufana nesithombe sehhashi elimhlophe eligijimayo, elibonakala ngaphakathi emafini.
- “Lǐng” (岭) – “umgogodla”, “uhla lwezintaba”.
- “Lǜchá” (绿茶) – “itiye eliluhlaza”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Kubantu bomdabu base-Li (黎族) nabase-Miao (苗族) – abahlali bendawo engxenyeni yezintaba yase-Hainan – itiye liyingxenye engafani nempilo yansuku zonke, umuthi wesintu, nemikhuba yokungenisa izihambeli. I-Qiongzhong ingenye yezifunda ezintathu eziyinhloko zetiye e-Hainan (kanye ne-Baisha ne-Wuzhishan) – ibekwe njengesizinda “setiye lasehlathini elinamvula” (雨林茶). I-brand ye-”Báimǎ Lǐng” isibe ngolunye lwamabhrendi amabili aphambili etiye e-Qiongzhong County (olwesibili yi-”Xīnwěi”, 新伟牌). Minyaka yonke e-Qiongzhong kuba ne-”Umkhosi Wetiye Lwentwasahlobo” (早春茶文化节), lapho “Báimǎ Lǐng” ihlala idonsela ukunaka kwabathengi abavela ezweni laseShayina.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Izinhlobo / Imbewu Ekhuliswayo: Kukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze- Camellia sinensis:
- Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng (海南大叶种) – uhlobo lwendawo lwase-Hainan olunamacembe amakhulu (C. sinensis var. assamica), olwafuywa lusuka ezigodlweni zasendle zehlathi elishisayo lase-Wuzhishan. Ngo-2023, ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kwaqinisekisa isimo sakhona njengohlobo oluzimele, oluhlukile kolwase-Yunnan olunamacembe amakhulu. Okuqukethwe ama-polyphenols ≥28%. Kunikeza umzimba ominyene we-infusion kanye ne-profile “enemizimba”.
- Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng (云南大叶种) – uhlobo lwakudala olunamacembe amakhulu, olwangeniswa ngawo-1960s. Luyinhlanganisela yesisekelo.
- Qílán (奇兰) – uhlobo olunamacembe aphakathi nendawo olunephunga elimnandi, olwavela e-Fujian. I-Qílán iyona ebangela amanothi ezimbali nezithelo ephunga.
Ukuvunwa: Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan (ukushisa okuphakathi unyaka ~22°C), isikhathi sokukhula side kakhulu kunasezwekazini. Ukuvunwa kwasentwasahlobo kungaqala ngoDisemba noma uJanuwari – i-Qiongzhong inomdlandla wokuba nengxenye yokuqala “yezifunda zetiye lasentwasahlobo” (早春茶产区) eShayina.
Izinga lokuvuna:
- Uhlobo oluphezulu kakhulu (特级): ihlumela eliphelele noma ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elisanda kuvuleka (全芽或一芽一叶). Yakha ama-90% womkhiqizo wendawo ebaluleke kakhulu e-Wushi Farm.
- Uhlobo lokuqala (一级): ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa.
- Uhlobo lwesibili (二级): ihlumela elilodwa elinamacembe amabili amancane.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela alinganayo, athambile, aphelele. Ukuvunwa ngesandla. Izinto ezisanda kuvunwa zicutshungulwa ngalo lolo suku.

4. Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: Umgogodla weBaima Ridge usendaweni enesimo sezulu se-tropical monsoon, esishintshwa ukuma kwezintaba. Ukushisa okuphakathi unyaka cishe ku-22°C. Imvula yonyaka cishe ingama-2,500 mm. Okuhlukile okuyinhloko – izinsuku ezingaphezu kwama-260 zenkungu ngonyaka – esinye sezindlela eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezifunda zetiye emhlabeni. Ukukhanya okusakazekayo (散射光) kwenza ngaphezu kwama-75% wokukhanya okuphelele. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku kungaphezu kuka-7°C. Lezi zimo zidala isimo esilungile sokukhula okuhamba kancane kwamahlumela kanye nokuqongelelwa okukhulu kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
Indawo ephakeme yokutshala: Kufinyelela kumamitha angu-1,264 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle – ngesiqhingi esishisayo lokhu kungukuphakama okukhethekile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-latitude eshisayo (19°N) nokuphakama okungaphezu kuka-1,000 m kwakha isimo sezulu esincane esingenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda zetiye eShayina.
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi obomvu ovela entaba-mlilo (火山灰发育的红壤, huǒshānhuī fāyù de hóng rǎng) one-pH engu-4.5–6.0. Okuqukethwe izinto eziphilayo kungu-≥15g/kg. Isici esiyingqayizivele – ukucebisa ngokwemvelo ngeseleniyamu: okuqukethwe i-Se emhlabathini kuphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso saseShayina sonke. Amanzi ahambelana nezinga lokuqala lamazinga kahulumeni.
Imvelo: Ukumbozwa kwehlathi – 86%. Inani lama-ion amabi emoyeni – lingaphezu kwama-23,000 nge-sentimitha eyisigxobo (lapho okujwayelekile “ezindaweni zokungcebeleka zamahlathi” kungama-1500+). Akukho zimboni nhlobo. Izivande zetiye zizungezwe ihlathi elishisayo le-National Park yase-”Hainan Rèdài Yǔlín” (海南热带雨林国家公园).
Indawo eyinhloko: Indawo yokukhiqiza yetiye ye-Wushi Farm (乌石农场白马岭茶区) ezansi ne-Yázhèn (牙叉镇), engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Qiongzhong County. Lapha kukhiqizwa ama-90% etiye lezinga eliphezulu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ngaphansi kophawu lwe-”Báimǎ Lǐng” kukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zetiye eliluhlaza, ezihlukile ngesigaba sokulolonga: oluyinsimbi (珠形, “Báimǎ Wùzhū”) nolwemicu (条形, “Yúnwù Lǜchá”).

Ukunaba (摊放 — tān fàng): Amahlumela avuniwe anabeka ngokhahlo oluncane amahora angu-2–4 ukuze abune kancane futhi kuqale ukwakheka kwephunga.
“Ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukucutshungulwa emgodleni oyisilinda ku-120–140°C. Ukungasebenzi kwama-enzyme, ukugxilisa umbala oluhlaza.
I-Rolling (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukucindezela kancane kube umucu (轻压成条) – ukwakha isakhiwo sesisekelo setiye.
Ukulolonga (做形 — zuòxíng): Isigaba esinquma umkhiqizo wokugcina:
- Okwe-”Báimǎ Wùzhū” (白马雾珠): Ukusongwa kwezinsimbi – itiye liginqwa libe amabhola aminyane emazingeni okushisa okuyi-~80°C ngokuwahluba nokuwagingqa ngokuphindaphindiwe (搓揉做形). Le nqubo “ivala” ngaphakathi kwezinhlamvu izinto ezinuka kamnandi ezibalekayo – yingakho ubuchwepheshe bubizwa ngokuthi “ukukhiya kwephunga okunjegezinsimbi” (珠形锁香).
- Okwe-”Yúnwù Lǜchá” (云雾绿茶): Icebe lilolongwa libe umucu oqondile ominyene (条索紧直) ngendlela evamile.
Ukomisa kanye nokushisa okokugcina (提香 — tíxiāng): Ukomisa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi ku-~50°C ukuze kususwe umswakama osele ngobumnene futhi kugxilwe iphunga.
Izici ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe: Kusetshenziswa umthetho othi “富硒转化” – “ukuguqulwa kweseleniyamu”: ukususa ngokuphelele umquba wamakhemikhali, ukwethembela ekunothiseni okungokwemvelo kweseleniyamu oluvela emhlabathini wentaba-mlilo. Itiye seliphumelele isitifiketi se-GAP (Global Good Agricultural Practices) nokuhlolwa ngamazinga e-EU kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane.

6. Izimpawu Zokunuka Nokunambitha:

Ukubukeka kwetiye elomile: Wùzhū: amabhola aminyene, alinganayo ombala ohlaza oshisayo onokuthunqa okunamafutha (深绿油润) noboya obuncane. Yúnwù Lǜchá: imicu eqondile, eminyene yombala ohlaza oshisayo enoboya obubonakalayo.
Iphunga letiye elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme (清香), elinenothi elinamandla le-castanea (栗香) etiyeni lasentwasahlobo. Ezigabeni eziphakeme – kunothi olwengeziwe lwe-zòngyè (粽叶香, “iphunga leqabunga lika-bamboo”). Inkomishi ebandayo igcina iphunga isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-8.
Iphunga le-infusion: Elihlanzekile, elizinzile, elinomnyombo we-castanea namathoni aluhlaza amasha. Elihle futhi “elihlala isikhathi eside”.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽) ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. Kunambitheka kamnandi kancane (甘醇, gānchún) nobukrakhulu obuncane (涩感微弱). Ubumnandi obubuyayo (回甘) – bucacile futhi buhlala isikhathi. Umzimba uminyene ngokulingene, “unomswakama”.
Umbala we-infusion: Umhlaza oluhlaza ocwebezelayo, omsulwa (嫩绿清澈). Kwe-”Wùzhū” – unokuthunqa okuncane okugolide.
I-tip yetiye (icebe elithengisiwe eliphekiwe): Iluhlaza ngobumnene, ilingana (嫩匀成朵), iphilayo (黄绿鲜活). Kwitiye eliyinsimbi – amabhola avuleka ngokuphelele abe amahlumela aphelele, ekhombisa izinga lezinto ezisetshenzisiwe.

7. Isakhiwo Samakhemikhali:

Ama-polyphenols (ama-catechin): ≥25%. Uhlobo lwase-Hainan olunamacembe amakhulu ngokwemvelo luqukethe ama-polyphenols amaningi kunezinhlobo ezinamacembe aphakathi nendawo zasezweni, okuhlinzeka ngamandla amakhulu e-antioxidant.
Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise no-L-theanine): Okuqukethwe okuphezulu ngenxa yokufiphala okukhethekile (izinsuku zenkungu ezingaphezu kwama-260) nokuchichima kokukhanya okusakazekayo. Ama-amino acid yiwona anquma “ubusha” nokunambitheka mnandi kancane.
I-Selenium (Se): ≥0.8 mg/kg – isici esiyingqayizivele. Uma kuqhathaniswa: isilinganiso se-selenium kutiyeni eliluhlaza olujwayelekile ≤0.3 mg/kg. I-Selenium ikwisimo se-organic (etholakalayo kalula), idonswa kalula ngumzimba.
Ama-alkaloids: I-caffeine (okuqukethwe okuphakathi nendawo), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Ama-vithamini: I-Vitamin C, ama-vithamini eqembu B.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese – okubangelwa umhlabathi ovela entaba-mlilo.
Ama-oligosaccharides aphansi (低聚果糖): Ngokusho komkhiqizi, okuqukethwe kungaphezulu ngama-40% kunakwitiye eliluhlaza olujwayelekile – okuyinto esiza ukukhula kwama-microbiome amathumbu.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukugcwalisa ukusilela kwe-selenium ngempumelelo: Okuqukethwe i-Se (≥0.8 mg/kg) – kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5+ kunesilinganiso. I-Selenium iyinto encane ebalulekile emasosheni omzimba, endlala yegilo, nokuvikela ama-antioxidant.
Umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant: Ukusebenzisana kwama-polyphenols (≥25%) ne-selenium e-organic.
Umphumela wokuvuselela: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine ihlinzeka ngokuvuka okumnene nokulinganiselayo.
Ukusekela ukugaya kanye nama-microbiome amathumbu: Ama-catechin + okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-oligosaccharides aphansi – umphumela ophindwe kabili wokukhuthaza ukukhula kwama-microbiome amathumbu.
Umsebenzi wokuqabula nokwehlisa ukushisa: Kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan. Ngokwesiko lama-Li, itiye eliluhlaza lisetshenziswa ngale ndlela.
Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenols asiza ukulungisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha emzimbeni.
Umsebenzi wokuqinisa jikelele: Inhlanganisela yamavithamini (C, B), amaminerali (K, Mg, Zn) kanye no-Se.

9. Ukuthela:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80°C (amanzi abilayo apholile ~imizuzwana engu-90). Ngohlobo oluphezulu kakhulu kungahle kwehliselwe ku-75°C.
Inani letiye: ama-3 g ku-150 ml (ingilazi, isilinganiso 1:50).
Izitsha: Ingilazi – iyona engcono kakhulu ku-”Báimǎ Wùzhū”: ikuvumela ukubuka “umdanso wamabhola”, avuleka kancane emanzini. I-gaiwan yamapheya amhlophe (白瓷盖碗) – ilungile ukuhlanganisa iphunga.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi ashisayo.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Indlela “ephakathi yokuthelela” (中投法): thela ingxenye eyi-1/3 yamanzi “ukuvusa itiye” (润茶), linda imizuzu emi-3 – amabhola azoqala ukuvuleka. Bese ungeza amanzi afinyelela kumazinga awu-7/10.
4. Ukuthela kokuqala: imizuzu emi-2–3 (ngengilazi).
5. Itiye limelana nokuthelwa izikhathi ezi-3–4 ezigcwele (uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokuthelela ngegaiwan – izikhathi ezi-5–6 ezimfushane zemizuzwana engu-10–15).

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakisha okuvaliwe, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, emswakameni, naseziphungweni ezingaphandle.
Okuhle – ukugcinwa efrijini ku-0–5°C ekupakisheni okuvaliwe.
Isikhathi sokugcinwa singavuliwe – izinyanga eziyi-12.
Ngemva kokuvulwa – sebenzisa kungakapheli inyanga eyi-1.
Ungagcini ndawonye nokudla okunephunga elinamandla.

11. Amanani Nemikhigizo-mbumbulu:

Isigaba sentengo: Isigaba esiphakathi nesiphezulu samatiye aluhlaza ase-Hainan. Amanani alinganisiwe: uhlobo oluphezulu kakhulu (特级) – kusukela kuma-yuan angu-800 nge-500 g kuye phezulu (imikhiqizo yezipho “yesiphethwane entwasahlobo” – ibiza kakhulu); uhlobo lokuqala (一级) – ama-yuan angu-300–500; uhlobo lwesibili – luthengeka kakhulu, lusetshenziswa futhi njengento yokwenziwa kwetiye elisemaphaketheni.
Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo-mbumbulu:
- Thenga kumkhiqizi osemthethweni – “Hainan Nóngkěn Wūshí Báimǎ Lǐng Cháyè” (海南农垦乌石白马岭茶业有限公司) noma ezindaweni zokuthengisa ezigunyaziwe.
- Hlola uphawu lwezohwebo “白马岭” kanye nophawu “绿色食品” emaphaketheni.
- Okwe-”Wùzhū”: amabhola angempela – aminyene, alinganayo, aluhlaza oshisayo ngokunamafutha. Imikhiqizo-mbumbulu ivame ukuguquguquka, ayifani ngombala.
- Iphunga – elihlanzekile le-castanea, lingenawo amanothi amakhemikhali. Infusion – isobala, iluhlaza ngobumnene. Ukubhuqa kunguphawu lwezinto ezingasezingeni.
- Ikhono lokumelana nokuthelwa okugcwele izikhathi ezi-3–4 liwuphawu lobuqiniso.

12. Amaphuzu Athakazelisayo:

“Itiye lesipho” lomkhosi wase-Hainan. Emibhalweni yesifunda ye-Qing, itiye lomgogodla i-Sīhé Lǐng (igama elidala le-Baima Ridge) kanye netiye le-”Shuǐmǎn” lase-Wuzhishan kubalulwa njengama-”贡茶” (gòngchá) – amatiye athunyelwa esigodlweni. Abalobi be-”Dìng Ān Xiàn Zhì” (《定安县志》) baphawula ukuthi “itiye lase-Sīhé Lǐng lalimnandi ukwedlula ele-Nánlǘlǐng” – enye yezincazelo zokuqala zokunambitha nokunuka kwetiye lase-Hainan.
Izinsuku ezingama-260 enkungu. Izinsuku ezingaphezu kwama-260 zenkungu ngonyaka – isibalo esifanayo nesezintaba zetiye ezifiphala kakhulu zase-Guizhou nasenyakatho ne-Fujian. Kwisiqhingi esishisayo esiku-19° enyakatho, yinto engavamile ebangelwa inhlanganisela yokuphakama (1,264 m) nomthelela wemimoya esuka eSouth China Sea.
Ukufakazelwa ngofuzo. Ngo-2023, ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kwaqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo lwetiye lwase-Hainan olunamacembe amakhulu (海南大叶种) luwuhlobo oluzimele, oluhluke ngofuzo kolwase-Yunnan olunamacembe amakhulu. Lokhu kutholwa kuphakamisa inani le-Báimǎ Lǐng Lǜchá njengetiye elivela ekuhlanganeni kwe-terroir nokofuzo okungatholakali kwenye indawo.
Kusuka kokubomvu kuye kokuluhlaza. Kuze kube ngawo-1990, amapulazi etiye ase-Hainan ayekhiqiza cishe itiye elibomvu (elimnyama) kuphela elithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukushintshela kwitiye eliluhlaza kwenzeka ngempoqo – ngemuva kokuwa kwezimakethe zokuthekelisa – kodwa kwaba yimpumelelo: izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinamacembe amakhulu ezihlanganiswe nomhlabathi oneseleniyamu kanye nesimo sezulu esifiphala zikhiqize itiye eliluhlaza elinomzimba ominyene ngokungajwayelekile kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ama-ion amabi angu-23,000. Inani lama-ion amabi e-oxygen emoyeni wezivande zetiye zase-Baima Ridge lingaphezu kwama-23,000 nge-sentimitha eyisigxobo. Uma kuqhathaniswa: emoyeni wedolobha – 100–300, ehlathini elijwayelekile – 1500–3000. Lesi silinganiso sihlala endaweni ye-Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo zetiye lase-Baima Líng:

Báimǎ Wùzhū (白马雾珠, Báimǎ Wùzhū) — “Insimbi Yomoya Yomkhovu Omhlophe”: Ukusongeka kwezinsimbi (珠形). Amabhola aminyene, avuleka emanzini njengezimbali ezichumayo. Iphunga — eliphakeme le-castanea elinenothi le-zòngyè. Umkhiqizo ophambili, isikhundla sesipho. Wadalwa ngo-2011.
Yúnwù Lǜchá (云雾绿茶, Yúnwù Lǜchá) — “Itiye Eliluhlaza Elisesifini”: Isimo semicu yakudala (条形). Imicu eqondile, eminyene yombala ohlaza oshisayo. Ukunambitheka — kuminene futhi “kunamandla” kune-”Wùzhū”. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke kanye nemakethe evamile.

Sokuphetha:

I-Itiye Eliluhlaza laseBhayimilingi liyitiye elivela ezweni okunzima ukulicabanga: isiqhingi esishisayo, lapho ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-1,264, enkungwini ehlala izinsuku ezingama-260 ngonyaka, emhlabathini ovela entaba-mlilo ogcwele iseleniyamu, ezungezwe ihlathi elimboze ngama-86%, kumila itiye okhokho balo ababeyisipho esithunyelwa esigodlweni se-Qing. Amabhola e-”Báimǎ Wùzhū”, avuleka kancane engilazini, akukhona nje umkhuba omuhle, kodwa yindlela yokukhipha iphunga “elivalelwe” ngaphakathi kwecebe ngobuchwepheshe obuthi “珠形锁香”. Enkomishini – ubusha obumnene besimo sezulu esishisayo obunokufudumele kwe-castanea kanye nokunambitheka okunoshukela okuhlala isikhathi eside, okusekelwa yizinzuzo ezingokoqobo ze-selenium e-organic. Itiye elilungele labo abathanda ukuthola okungaziwa.