Bái Jiān · new.thetea.app

Bái Jiān — yi-yúnnán itiye elimhlophe, elenziwa ngezihluma ezinkulu, ezinoboya obuningi bohlobo lwentwasahlobo lwe-Cultivar Jinggǔ Dàbáichá (景谷大白茶, Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá) ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bemvelo betiye elimhlophe: ukomisa nokumisa ngaphandle kokulungiswa (shaqing, 杀青) nokugwinca. Igama elithi «白尖» ngokwezwi nezwi lisho «inkomba emhlophe» noma «ichopho elimhlophe» futhi likhomba izihluma ezisiliva-emhlophe, ezicijile, ezinoboya obuminyene obufana nezinsiza. ELashiya leli tiye lithole igama eliyimbongi elithi «Amalezi Amhlophe Anoboya». E-China, leli tiye litholakala futhi ngaphansi kwamagama okuhweba afana ne-«Dà Bái Yá» (大白芽, «Ihlumela Elikhulu Elimhlophe»), «Bái Dān» (白单, «Umhlophe Ongenamuntu») namanye.

Bái Jiān ingumkhiqizo osebenzisekayo emakethe yetiye yase Yúnnán. Ivame ukuthengiswa ngokuyiphutha njenge-«yúnnán Bái Háo Yínzhēn» (云南白毫银针), okuyiphutha ngokobuchwepheshe: i-Bái Háo Yínzhēn yangempela ngokohlelo lwe-GB/T 22291-2017 yenziwa ngezilimo zase Fúdǐng Dàbáichá noma zhènghé Dàbáichá, hhayi nge-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá yase Yúnnán enamaqabunga amakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, i-Bái Jiān ibekwa njenge-shēng pǔ’ěr (生普洱), okungeyona impela: uma impahla eluhlaza ingazange ihambe ngokuqiniswa (shaqing) nokugwinca, umkhiqizo ngenxa yobuchwepheshe uyitiye elimhlophe.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye Elimhlophe (白茶, báichá) — elivutshelwe kancane (okuphilayo okungu-5–10 %). Ubuchwepheshe: ukoma nokumisa, ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwe-shaqing (杀青) nokugwinca.
Isigaba: Itiye elimhlophe lase Yúnnán ngempahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu. Ngokohlelo lwe-Association of Tea Circulation of Yunnan T/YNTCA 007-2021 «Yúnnán Dàyè Báichá» (云南大叶种白茶) lingeyesigaba samatiye amhlophe ase Yúnnán. Ngokomsebenzi lilingana ne-Bái Háo Yínzhēn (白毫银针, «Izinaliti Ezesiliva») — izihluma ezihlanzekile, — kodwa ngokusemthethweni umgomo we-GB/T 22291-2017 uqinisekisa leli gama ezinhlobonhlobo zaseFújiàn.
Imvelaphi: China, isifundazwe sase Yúnnán (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng), isifunda sasedolobheni sase Pǔ’ěr (普洱市, Pǔ’ěr Shì), isigodi sase Jǐnggǔ (景谷傣族彝族自治县, Jǐnggǔ Dǎizú Yízú Zìzhìxiàn). Indawo eyinhloko — isigodi sase Mínlè (民乐镇, Mínlè Zhèn), idolobhana lase Yāngtǎ (秧塔, Yāngtǎ) — umlando wakudala we-cultivar Jinggǔ Dàbáichá. Futhi kukhiqizwa kwezinye izindawo zase Yúnnán, lapho i-cultivar ingeniswa khona: Líncāng (临沧), Xīshuāngbǎnnà (西双版纳) ezinye.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 23°28′ N, 100°42′ E (indawo yase Jǐnggǔ/Mínlè).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando:

I-cultivar Jinggǔ Dàbáichá inomlando obhaliwe weminyaka engaphezu kwayi-180. Ngokwemibhalo yendawo, cishe ngo-1840 (unyaka wama-20 wokubusa kuka Dàoguāng, 道光) umlimi onomndeni ka Chén (陈) wase-Yāngtǎ wathola imbewu yetiye ngesikhathi sohambo lwezohwebo oLwandle Láncāngjiāng (澜沧江) wayiletha ekhaya ngezinti zogobho. Kulezi zimbewu kwahluma izihlahla ezinamahlumela amakhulu ngokungavamile, ayehlanganiswe ubuningi. Ngesikhathi seqembu lobukhosi, umbuso wendawo (tǔsī, 土司, umbusi wendlalifa) wayala ukuba kwenziwe ngalo i-gòngchá — «Udrako Omhlophe» (白龙须贡茶, Báilóngxū Gòngchá), enikelwa enkantolo yombuso.

Ngawo-1960, isiteshi setiye sase Yúnnán (云南省茶叶试验站) safaka i-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezingama-46 ezingcono kakhulu zesifundazwe. Ngo-1965 emsimbini kazwelonke wocwaningo ngezilimo zetiye, lolu hlobo lwafakwa ngokusemthethweni ekhasini lezinhlobo ezethembisayo. Ngo-1981 i-Dàbáichá yaqashelwa njengenye yamatiye ayisishiyagalombili adumile ase Yúnnán (云南八大名茶) yabe isifakwa ku-«Zhōngguó nóngyè bǎikē quánshū: Cháyè juàn» (《中国农业百科全书：茶叶卷》, 1989). Ngo-1983 kwaqalwa umsebenzi wokwandiswa kwezimila ngaphandle kwembewu (无性扦插), kusukela ngo-1987 — ukwandiswa okukhulu kwezitshalo. Ngo-2023 indawo yamapulazi e-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá esigodini sase Jǐnggǔ kuphela yadlula 200,000 mu (~13,300 ha), kwathi ngoMashi 2023 kwaqalwa ngokusemthethweni ibhrendi yesifunda i-«Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá» (景谷大白茶).

Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elimhlophe ngalolu hlobo lwezitshalo — kuyinto esanda kwenzeka. Ngokwendabuko, i-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá yayicutshungulwa njenge-shàiqīng máochá (晒青毛茶, impahla eluhlaza ye-shēng pǔ’ěr) noma njenge-hōngqīng/hōngqīng lǜchá (烘青绿茶). Ubuchwepheshe betiye elimhlophe baqala ukusetshenziswa ngohlelo kusukela ngo-2005–2010, lapho kwavela i-«Yuè Guāng Bái» (月光白, «Umhlophe Wenyanga»), kwabe sekulandelwa amanye amatiye amhlophe ase Yúnnán. I-Bái Jiān njengegama lokuhweba letiye elimhlophe elivela e-Dàbáichá laqiniswa emakethe ngawo-2010 futhi namuhla ingelinye lamatiye amhlophe ase Yúnnán asabalele kakhulu.

Igama: «Bái» (白, bái) — omhlophe, likhomba uboya besiliva kanye nesigaba setiye elimhlophe. «Jiān» (尖, jiān) — inchopho, isiqongo, ikhanda — likhomba ukuma okucijile kwezihluma. Akufanele kudidaniswe ne-«剑» (jiàn, «inkemba»). Igama lesiRashiya elithi «Amalezi Amhlophe Anoboya» — ukuhumusha okuyisithombe, okugqamisa ukufana okubonakalayo kwezihluma ezisiliva nezinzwa ezincane.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Bái Jiān — enye yezimpawu ‘zegagasi elisha lase Yúnnán’ le tiye elimhlophe, elaqala ngekhulu lama-21. Kanye ne-Yuè Guāng Bái (月光白) ikhombisa ukuthi indawo yase Yúnnán enamaqabunga amakhulu iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amatiye amhlophe ahluke kakhulu kulawo aseFújiàn — aminya kakhulu, amnandi, anesimo ‘somzimba’ esigqamile namandla okuguga. Kubakhiqizi base Yúnnán, i-Bái Jiān iyindlela yokwenza izinto ezahlukene: isitshalo esifanayo, okwenziwa ngaso i-shēng pǔ’ěr kanye netiye elibomvu, uma kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obumhlophe kuveza umkhiqizo ohluke ngokuphelele.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. assamica — yase Yúnnán enamaqabunga amakhulu.
Isitshalo / I-Cultivar: Jinggǔ Dàbáichá (景谷大白茶, Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá), futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Yāngtǎ Dàbáichá (秧塔大白茶). Isitshalo seqembu lezitshalo (有性群体品种, yǒuxìng qúntǐ pǐnzhǒng), kusukela ngo-2022 futhi ibhaliswe njengesitshalo esiyikopi (inombolo yokubhalisa GPD茶树 (2022) 530052). Isitshalo — umuthi (乔木, qiáomù), ukuphakama 3–5 m, umpheme ovulekile, amagatsha andlalekile. Iqabunga likhulu: ubude 13–17 cm, ububanzi 5.7–7.8 cm, eliyindilinga, linamapheya emithambo asemaceleni angu-11–13, lithambile, liluhlaza. Amahlumela makhulu, anenyama, ambozwe ubuningi obude, obuminyene besiliva-emhlophe (trichomes) — uphawu oluhlukile lwalolu hlobo: ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo eziningi zase Yúnnán, lapho uboya bubonakala kuphela emahlumela amancane ngesizini ethile, e-Dàbáichá uboya buhlala bukhona futhi buningi etshalweni.
Ukuvuna: Intwasahlobo — okuyinhloko, ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (清明) noma ngemva nje kwalokho. Kuvunwa kuphela amahlumela amakhulu angakavuleki (单芽, dān yá). Amahlumela anezidingo eziqinile: kufanele abe makhulu, abe noboya, abe mhlophe — ngaphandle kombala onsomi noma oluhlaza; akavunyelwe amahlumela ashaviweyo, alimele noma ‘anciphile’ kakhulu (emathupheni amancane iphuza itiye elinciphilile).
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Ihlumela elilodwa 0.67 g (isilinganiso sehlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili; ihlumela elihlanzekile — ~0.3–0.4 g). Umbala — luhlaza-mthubi, uboya — busiliva-mhlophe, buminyene. Ukuvuna ngesandla.

4. Indawo Yetshalo Nezici Zokulinywa:

Isifunda: Isigodi sase Jǐnggǔ (景谷县), isifunda sasedolobheni sase Pǔ’ěr, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye Yúnnán. Siphansi kakhulu kweTropiki likaKhumbula (北回归线 linqamula isigodi). Indawo — izintaba, izigodi ezijulile, ukwehluka kokuphakama ukusuka ku-600 kuye ku-2900 m. Esigodini kutholwe isigxivizo sezitshalo ezivela emlandeni esiyindilinga esikhulu esikhathini esingaba yiminyaka engu-35.4 million (景谷宽叶木兰化石) — okuwukuphela kwaso emhlabeni, okuqinisekisa ubudala besifunda njengesizinda sendawo yokuvela kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Ukuphakama okulinywa kukho: 1100–1780 m. Indawo eyinhloko — i-Yāngtǎ, ~1700–1750 m.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomoya osuka olwandle, esinokuhlukana okugqamile okuphakeme. Izintaba ziphakeme, zivame ukumbozwa inkungu. Isimo sezulu sipholile ngokwezinga: izinga lokushisa lonyaka cishe liyi-18–20 °C. Imvula ~1200–1500 mm/ngonyaka. Umswakama ohambelanayo >80 %. Ukushintshashintsha kwazinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku nebanga kusiza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid.
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi obomvu kanye nophuzi, onoshukela (pH 4.5–5.5), ojulile, okhululekile, ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuhle emithambekeni yezintaba.
Imvelo: Isigodi sase Jǐnggǔ ngesinye sezindawo ezingathuthukisiwe kwezimboni e-Yúnnán. Amasimu e-Dàbáichá ayingxenye yendawo yezintaba enobuningi bezinto eziphilayo. Kunqobile ~80,000 mu (~5,300 ha) yamagceke setiye aphilayo. I-Yāngtǎ yidolobhana elinomlando, lapho kusekhona imithi engaphezu kwe-400 yasendulo ye-Dàbáichá (omkhulu kunayo — umjikelezo 1.22 m, ukuphakama 5.8 m, ububanzi besiqu 0.28 m).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe — buvamile betiye elimhlophe: bulula ngokwedlulele, ukungenelela okuncane:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla kwamahlumela amakhulu, angenamonakalo. Ukuthuthwa ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokushava — uboya buntekenteke.
Ukoma (萎凋, wěi diāo): Amahlumela abekwa ngomgqizo omncane ezihlungini zoqalo. Kusetshenziswa ukoma okuhlanganisiwe noma okusethunzini: isigaba sokuqala elangeni elithambile (日光萎凋) noma ngaphansi kokukhanya okuphazamisayo, ngemva kwalokho — emgqonyeni onomoya (室内萎凋). Umkhuba wase Yúnnán uvame ukufaka isici sokomiswa kwelanga (晒青, shài qīng), okunikeza umbala ogqamile ‘welanga’. Isikhathi — amahora angu-48–72. Kulesi sigaba kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa umswakama (~30 %), ukuvutshelwa okuncane, ukwakheka kwephunga nokunambitheka.
Ukumisa (干燥, gān zào): Ngokunothando — elangeni noma ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi (~40–55 °C). Umswakama osele — 5–6 %. Ukungabikho kwe-shaqing — umehluko omkhulu ku-shēng pǔ’ěr kusempahleni eluhlaza efanayo.
Ukuhlunga (拣剔, jiǎn tì): Ukususwa kwamahlumela alimele, ahlukene phakathi noma ‘angenaboya’.

6. Izici Zomzwelo Womzimba:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amahlumela amakhulu, aqinile, aqondile noma agobile kancane, ambozwe ubuningi obuminyene besiliva-emhlophe. Ukuma — kucijile, kufana namanzi noma izinaliti (igama elithi «尖» livela lapha). Usayizi — mkhulu kakhulu kune-«Izinaliti Ezesiliva» zaseFúdǐng. Umbala — usiliva-mhlophe kanye nesisekelo esiluhlaza-mthubi.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Limnandi, linobhisi, linamanothi ezimbali ezomisiwe, ibhilikosi kanye nokomile okuncane ‘kwelanga’.
Ukunambitheka: Kuminyene, kugcwele, ‘kunesimomzimba’ kakhulu kune-Yínzhēn yaseFúdǐng. Ubumnandi obusha — obhisi, nobumnandi benothi lweekhabe, ibhilikosi, umpe wezimbali. Kunesimuncu esilula sezithelo. Akukho buhlungu nobuthongo. Okunambitheka ngemva kokugwinya — okude, okufudumele, okunobhisi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-«Izinaliti Ezesiliva» zaseFúdǐng — ‘inamandla’, ‘indilinga’, inobuningi ‘nomzimba’, okudalwa yimpahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu yase Yúnnán.
Umbala wencindi: Ukusuka koluhlaza okhanyayo kuye kusagolide, okusobala, okucacile. Ugcwele kakhulu kunange-Yínzhēn yaseFúdǐng.
Isisekelo setiye: Amahlumela amakhulu, anenyama, avulekile ngombala oluhlaza-mthubi. Usayizi — mkhulu ngokugqamile kunawaseFújiàn. Asebenza ngokunwebeka, aphelele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali ikhombisa kokubili izici zempahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu yase Yúnnán kanye nomthelela wokucutshungulwa okuncane:

Ama-polyphenol: ≥20 % (ngokohlelo lwe-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá ngetiye elimhlophe). Isitshalo esinamaqabunga amakhulu yase Yúnnán ngasinye sezitshalo ezinama-polyphenol amaningi emhlabeni. Ama-catechin ayinhloko — EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC.
Ama-amino acid: ≥1.5 % (umgomo); empeleni ngokuvunwa kwehlumela — ~3–5 %. I-L-theanine igqamile. Inikeza ubumnandi ‘nokushelela’.
Ukukhishwa kwamanzi: ≥35 % — izinga eliphakeme kakhulu, elenza incindi eminyene, ‘enomzimba’.
I-caffeine: ~3–4 %. Impahla eluhlaza yamahlumela igxilisa ama-alkaloid.
Ama-flavonoid: I-Dihydromyricetin — i-hepatoprotector, ejwayelekile ematiyeni amhlophe.
Amavithamini: C (igcinwa kahle), B₁, B₂, ama-carotenoid.
Amaminerali: Iphothashiyamu, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride.
Izinto ezinephunga elimnandi: I-linalool, i-damascenone (大马士酮) — izinto eziyinhloko zephunga lamatiye amhlophe ase Yúnnán, ezakha ibhakhethi lezimbali nobumnandi.

8. Izinto Ezisizayo Empilweni:

Ukuvikela ngama-antioxidant: Izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenol + ama-flavonoid. Itiye elimhlophe ligcina ama-catechin endalo kangcono kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokucutshungulwa.
Ukusebenza kwe-hepatoprotective: I-Dihydromyricetin ivikela amaseli esibindi.
Ukunikeza amandla ngokuthambile: L-theanine + i-caffeine = ukuqaphela okuzolile, okugxilile.
Ukuxhasa amasosha omzimba: Ama-polyphenol + uvithamini C — izinto zokulwa namagciwane nezifo.
Ukuxhasa ukugayeka kokudla: Impahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu yase Yúnnán enama-polysaccharide amaningi nama-pectin ithinta kahle umgudumda wokudla.
Ku-TKM itiye elimhlophe — ‘eliqandayo’ (清热, qīng rè): lehlisa ‘umkhuhlane wangaphakathi’, liqeda ukoma.
Kubalulekile: Umkhiqizo wokudla, akusona isidakamizwa. Uma unomzwelo nge-caffeine — ungaphuzi ebusuku. 3–5 g/ngosuku.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–90 °C. Impahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu yase Yúnnán ‘iqinile’ kuneyaseFújiàn futhi ibekezelela amanzi ashisayo. Ukuze kube mnandi kakhulu — 80–85 °C; ukuze iphunga liphelele — kuze kufike ku-90 °C.
Inani: 3–5 g nge-150–200 ml.
Imbiza: Igaywan yaseFú (盖碗) — ifaneleka ukunambitha ngokunemba. Ibhodwe lengilazi — ukuzijabulisa ngombala. Imbiza ye-Yīxīng iyavunyelwa — impahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu yase Yúnnán ayinalukhuni kakhulu kunamahlumela aseFújiàn.
Inkambiso:
1. Shisisa imbiza. Khipha amanzi.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Ukugeza — ukupholisa okusheshayo imizuzwana engu-5 (kuyanconywa).
4. Ukuchithwa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-20–30 (gōngfū) noma imizuzu engu-1–2 (inkomishi).
5. Okulandelayo — +10–15 imizuzwana.
6. Itiye limelana nokupholiswa oku-6–10 — okungaphezulu kakhulu kune-Yínzhēn yaseFújiàn, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamanzi okuphezulu (≥35 %).

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isikhathi esifushane (kuze kube unyaka ongu-1): Isithako esivaliwe, indawo epholile emnyama. Kuvunyelwe ukugcinwa esiqandisini (0–5 °C) kumphako we-foil.
Isikhathi eside (ukuguga): I-Bái Jiān yempahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu yase Yúnnán inamandla okuguga amahle kakhulu — amakhulu kakhulu kune-Fúdǐng Yínzhēn. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele (18–28 °C, umswakama 40–65 %, ngaphandle kokukhanya nephunga, ukupakishwa kwezendlala ezintathu) ukunambitheka kuguquka kusuka ‘kobusha-oluyizimbali’ kuya ‘kobhisi-oluyizithelo’ (iminyaka engu-5–7) bese kuya ‘kwelekhemisi’ (药香, yào xiāng, iminyaka engu-10+). Izinga eliphezulu lama-polysaccharide nama-polyphenol liqinisekisa ushintsho olujulile ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.
Izitha: Umswakama, ukukhanya, iphunga langaphandle, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhonyovu:

I-Bái Jiān ingumkhiqizo ongabizi ngokwesilinganiso setiye elimhlophe. Intengo ingaphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-Bái Háo Yínzhēn yaseFúdǐng, ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza (>200,000 mu yamasimu e-Jǐnggǔ kuphela) kanye nezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi e-Yúnnán. Intengo yokudayisa: kusukela ku-300–600 yuan/500 g ngezinga elijwayelekile; ngempahla eluhlaza yasemuthini (gǔshù, 古树) yase-Yāngtǎ — kubiza kakhulu.

Ungayigwema kanjani imikhonyovu:
- Ungadidanisi ne-Bái Háo Yínzhēn. I-Bái Jiān ingumkhiqizo wase Yúnnán ovela ku-C. sinensis var. assamica; i-Yínzhēn — ingeyaseFújiàn, ivela ku-C. sinensis var. sinensis. Uma umthengisi ebiza amahlumela ase Yúnnán ngokuthi ‘Bái Háo Yínzhēn’ — lokho akulona iqiniso.
- Hlola usayizi: amahlumela ase Yúnnán — makhulu, makhudlwana futhi made kunawaseFújiàn.
- Hlola uboya: kufanele bube buningi, bube siliva-emhlophe, ngaphandle kombala onsomi noma oluhlaza.
- Qaphela amahlumela ashaviweyo, aphukile noma ‘angenaboya’ — uphawu lwezinga eliphansi noma ukucutshungulwa okungalungile.
- Hlola incindi: kufanele ibe mnene, ibe mnandi, ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Incindi enciphilile, ‘enamanzi’ — kungukusebenzisa impahla eluhlaza eshibhile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

«Udrako Omhlophe». Ngesikhathi seqembu lobukhosi, amahlumela e-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá kwakwenziwa ngawo i-«Báilóngxū Gòngchá» (白龙须贡茶, «Itiye Eliyisipho — izintshebe ezimhlophe zikadrako») — isipho esiyisipho enkantolo yombuso ngesimo sezinkejana eziyimbewu. I-Bái Jiān iyinkosana yesimanje yaleli siko.
Imagnolia ewugwadle. Esigodini sase Jǐnggǔ kutholwe isigxivizo sezitshalo ezivela emlandeni esiyindilinga esikhulu (景谷宽叶木兰化石) esineminyaka engaba ngu-35.4 million — ubufakazi basemandulo kakhulu bezitshalo eziqhakazayo e-Yúnnán, obuqinisekisa ubudala besifunda njengesizinda sendawo yokuvela kwe-Camellia.
Isitshalo esisodwa — izinhlobo eziyisithupha zetiye. I-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá — ngesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa emhlabeni, ezilungele ukukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zetiye: elimhlophe (Bái Jiān, Yuè Guāng Bái), eliluhlaza (hōngqīng), elibomvu (Diān Hóng), i-shēng pǔ’ěr, i-shū pǔ’ěr kanye netiye eliphuzi.
Igama lesiRashiya. Igama elithi «Amalezi Amhlophe Anoboya» laqhamuka eRashiya futhi alinakho ukuhumusha okuqondile kwesiShayina. Lidlulisela kahle isithombe esibonakalayo: amahlumela asiliva, acijile, ambozwe uboya obuminyene, empeleni afana namakiliphu amancane.
Akusiyo i-Yínzhēn. Enye yeziphambeko ezivame kakhulu emakethe yetiye — ukuphaswa kwe-Bái Jiān njenge-«yúnnán Bái Háo Yínzhēn». Ngokobuchwepheshe lokhu akulungile: i-Yínzhēn ingumkhiqizo ojwayelekile waseFújiàn ovela ezitshalweni ezithile. I-Bái Jiān iwitiye elimhlophe lase Yúnnán elinomazisi walo.
200,000 mu. Indawo yamasimu e-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá esigodini sase Jǐnggǔ ngo-2023 — ingaphezulu kuka-200,000 mu (~13,300 ha), ngaphezu kwabalimi betiye abangu-120,000, umthamo wonyaka — ~8,000 ton. Leli akulona itiye elincane, kodwa elinye lezinsika zomnotho wesigodi.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye amhlophe:

Fúdǐng Bái Háo Yínzhēn (福鼎白毫银针, Fújiàn): Izinga le-«Izinaliti Ezesiliva» elincane lamaqabunga C. sinensis var. sinensis. Amahlumela — amafushane, agcwele, anesakhiwo sophondo ‘soqalo’. Ukunambitheka — kuthambile, ‘komoya’, kunamanothi amantongomane. I-Bái Jiān — inamaqabunga amakhulu, amahlumela made futhi aminyene, ukunambitheka kuyaminyene, ‘kunesimomzimba’, kunobhisi oluyizithelo. I-Bái Jiān ingashintshwa kaningi kakhulu.
Yuè Guāng Bái (月光白, Yúnnán): Itiye elimhlophe lase Yúnnán lohlobo olufanayo lwe-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá, kodwa lineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili (hhayi amahlumela ahlanzekile). Amaqabunga omile — amnyama-mhlophe (ubuso bumhlophe, ingemuva limnyama), afana nokukhanya kwenyanga. Ukunambitheka — ‘kuphelele’, kunezimbali nobhisi. I-Bái Jiān — amahlumela kuphela, ithambile kakhulu futhi imnandi.
Yúnnán Dàlǐ Chá Yín Zhēn (云南大理茶银针): «Izinaliti Ezesiliva» ezivela ku-C. taliensis yasendle. Uhlobo lwezitshalo oluhluke ngokuphelele, ukunambitheka ‘okwasendle’ nokunamaminerali. I-Bái Jiān — ivela ku-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá elinywe, ‘iyindilinga’ futhi imnandi.
Zhènghé Yínzhēn (政和银针, Fújiàn): Evela ku-Zhènghé Dàbáichá — amahlumela makhulu kunawaseFúdǐng, ukunambitheka ‘kuvuthiwe’. I-Bái Jiān — inkulu nakakhulu, iminyene futhi inobhisi.
Guǎngxī Ranevsennyaya Yínzhēn (广西银针): Evela ku-Fúdǐng Dàbáichá ongenisiwe e-Guǎngxī. Isondela esitayeleni saseFúdǐng — ithambile, inezimbali. I-Bái Jiān — ingeyase Yúnnán, inamaqabunga amakhulu, isimilo ‘esisindayo’ esihluke ngokuphelele.

Ekugcineni:

I-Bái Jiān impendulo yase Yúnnán ‘kuzinaliti zesiliva’ zaseFújiàn: itiye elizelwe yilokhu kwehliswa okuncane kwendlela emhlophe, kodwa ngokusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza ehluke ngokuphelele — amahlumela amakhulu, anenyama e-Jǐnggǔ Dàbáichá, inzalo yaleyo mbewu eyalethwa umlimi u-Chén ngezinti zogobho eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amabili edlule. ‘Amalezi’ akhe asiliva — aminyene, made futhi ‘anesisindo’ kunezinaliti zaseFúdǐng; incindi yakhe — iminyene, imnandi, inobuningi benothi lobhisi nebhilikosi, okungeke kwanikezwa yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwezitshalo ezincane zaseFújiàn. I-Bái Jiān ayizami ukuthatha indawo ye-Yínzhēn yendabuko — inikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile: inguqulo yasetiye elimhlophe yase Yúnnán ngamahlumela ahlanzekile, enomlando wayo, indawo yayo yokulima, kanye nesimilo sayo. Kumthandi wetiye elimhlophe, lokhu kuyisihloko esifanelekile sokunambitha ngokuqhathanisa: beka eceleni i-Yínzhēn yaseFúdǐng ne-Bái Jiān yase Yúnnán — futhi imihlaba emibili yetiye elimhlophe izovuleka phambi kwakho ngakho konke ukuphikisana kwayo.