Bā shān què shé · new.thetea.app

Bā shān què shé (巴山雀舌, Bā shān què shé) — itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela ngaphakathi kwezintaba zaseBashan (大巴山) enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSichuan, elinye ‘lamatiye ayishumi adumile esifundazweni saseSichuan’ (四川十大名茶). Leli tiye linomqhele ophindwe kabili: ‘Inkosi yamatiye acebile nge-selenium, igugu phakathi kwezilimi zezinyoni’ (富硒茶王、雀舌珍品, fùxī chá wáng, quèshé zhēnpǐn). Amacembe acijile, ayisicaba futhi azele okulingana nolimi oluncane lwendlwane yasezintabeni, atshalwa emhlabathini ocebile ngokwemvelo nge-selenium — idolobha laseWanyuan liyingxenye yesinye sezindawo ezintathu ezinkulu zaseChina ezinothile nge-selenium. Ngomlando wokutshala itiye ongaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane kanye nemiklomelo engaphezu kwama-80 kuzwelonke nakumazwe omhlaba, i-Bā shān què shé isizimise njengomholi ‘webhande letiye le-selenium’ laseSichuan.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Lihlanganiswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba (扁形绿茶, biǎnxíng lǜchá) — uhlobo oluncane ‘olimi lwendlwane’ (雀舌, ‘quèshé’), oluphawuleka ngobukhulu balo obuyisicaba nobuncane beqabunga. Ngokobuchwepheshe luhlanganisa ukugazinga nokomisa ngomoya oshisayo (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo).
Isigaba: Enye ‘yamatiye ayishumi adumile esifundazweni saseSichuan’ (四川十大名茶). Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (国家地理标志保护产品). Linomklomelo ‘Wophawu Oludumile LaseChina’ (中国驰名商标, Zhōngguó Chímíng Shāngbiāo). Ngo-1991 lathola isihloko esithi ‘Itiye Elidumile Lamasiko LaseChina’ (中国文化名茶) emkhosini wamazwe omhlaba wamasiko etiye eHangzhou — indawo yesihlanu esikalini sikazwelonke. Lihloliwe ngamapharamitha angu-486 e-European Union ngokwezinga le-SGS. Lithole imiklomelo engaphezu kwengu-80 ezingeni ngalinye.
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川省, Sìchuān Shěng), idolobha laseWanyuan (万源市, Wànyuán Shì), eliyingxenye yesifunda saseDazhou (达州市, Dázhōu Shì). I-Wanyuan isendaweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona isifundazwe saseSichuan, saseShaanxi kanye nedolobha elikhethekile laseChongqing, enhliziyweni yezintaba zaseDabashan (大巴山, Dà Bā Shān). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izindawo eziyi-13.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 107°28′–108°31′ empumalanga, 30°39′–32°20′ enyakatho.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Isiko lokutshala itiye eWanyuan linezimpande ezijulile kakhulu zomlando.

Inkathi yasendulo. Ngokombhalo we-‘Huayang Guozhi — Bazhi’ (《华阳国志·巴志》, Huáyáng Guózhì — Bā Zhì), umlando wombuso waseBa owabhalwa ngumlando-ndabuko uChang Qu (常璩) ngekhulu lesine, indawo yaseWanyuan yayivele ngenkathi yeNtshonalanga Zhou (XI–VIII BCE) ibifakwe endaweni yokutshala itiye, futhi itiye lalingenye ‘yezipho’ (贡品) ezinikezwa ababusi. I-Wanyuan, engenye yemizila esenyakatho yeChamagudao (茶马古道), kusukela enkathini yeSong (960–1279) yadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwetiye phakathi kweChina emaphakathi nezindawo ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Itshe elibalulekile lomlando. Esigodini saseShiwo (石窝镇) endaweni yaseWanyuan kugcinwe into eyingqayizivele — umbhalo oqoshiwe odwaleni othi ‘Ziyunping Zhiming Lingyuanji’ (《紫云坪植茗灵园记》), owabhalwa ngonyaka we-1109 (unyaka wesithathu we-Daguan yebukhosi baseNyakatho Song). Lokhu kulandisa ngendlela uWang Min (王敏) ahambisa ngayo izithombo zetiye zisuka eJianxi (建溪, namuhla okuyisifunda saseNanping esifundazweni saseFujian) wazitshala eduze komuzi wakhe. Lo mbhalo uqukethe inkondlo: ‘Wakha insimu encane, efana nesiqongo saseMengding; / Waletha impande engcwele isuka eJianxi…’ (筑成小圃凝蒙顶，分得灵根自建溪). Ngokwemininingwane ekhona, lona umbhalo oqoshiwe odwaleni odwala kunawo wonke eChina obhala ngokuhlakulela itiye; umbhalo wawo (拓片) ugcinwe eMnyangweni Wamatiye WaseChina (中国茶叶博物馆) eHangzhou.

Inkathi yesimanje. Itiye ‘Bā shān què shé’ ngendlela eliyiyo manje lasungulwa ngo-1985 ngongoti betiye baseWanyuan, abakha indlela eyingqayizivele yokukwenza. Ngo-1987 imboni kahulumeni ‘iCaooba Tea Factory’ (国营草坝茶场, Guóyíng Cǎobà Cháchǎng) yaqala ukukhiqiza ngezinga elikhulu. Ngo-1989 kwabhaliswa uphawu lokuhweba. Ngo-1991 emkhosini wamazwe omhlaba wamasiko etiye eHangzhou itiye lathola isihloko esithi ‘Itiye Elidumile Lamasiko LaseChina’ (中国文化名茶) — indawo yesihlanu ezweni. Umphathi wezempi odumile uZhang Aiping (张爱萍, Zhāng Àipíng) wabhala ngesandla sakhe igama elithi ‘巴山雀舌’, futhi lomsebenzi wakhe we-kalligrafi usasetshenziswa njengophawu lomkhiqizo kuze kube namuhla. Ngo-2000 kwalungiswa ukukhiqiza okuphelele ngomshini. Ngo-2010 uMnyango Wezolimo waseChina wabhalisa uphawu lwendawo ‘万源富硒茶’ (I-Wanyuan Fuxicha — itiye elicebile nge-selenium laseWanyuan). Ngo-2024 indawo yamasimu etiye eWanyuan yafinyelela ku-24.7 wan mu (万亩, ~165 000 ha), ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elomile ngonyaka kwaba ngamathani angu-6 590, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo lalingaba yizigidigidi eziyi-16 zamayuan.
Igama:
- ‘Ba Shan’ (巴山) — ‘Izintaba [zombuso] waseBa’. Kukhomba embusweni wasendulo waseBa (巴国, Bāguó), owawusendaweni esempumalanga yeSichuan nasentshonalanga yeChongqing ngenkulungwane yokuqala BC. Ububanzi bezintaba i-Dabashan (大巴山, ‘Izintaba Ezinkulu ZaseBa’) — indawo lapho kutshalwa khona itiye — linayo leyo nhlanganisela yomlando egameni.
- ‘Que She’ (雀舌) — ‘Ulimi Lwendlwane’. Incazelo engokomfanekiso yesimo seqabunga letiye: liyisicaba, lincane, licije kancane, empeleni lifana nolimi oluncane lwenyoni yasezintabeni. Igama elithi ‘quèshé’ (雀舌) esikweni lamatiye laseChina liwuphawu lwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lempahla eluhlaza kanye nokucutshungulwa; libizwa kanjalo amatiye avela ezingxenyeni ezithambile nezinkethwa ngokukhethekile.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Wanyuan iphethe iziqu zokuthi ‘Inhloko-dolobha YaseChina Yamatiye Acebile Nge-selenium’ (中国富硒茶都) kanye ‘Nezwe Lamatiye Adumile AseChina’ (中国名茶之乡). I-Bā shān què shé iwukubonisa okugqamile hhayi nje kwe-Wanyuan kuphela, kodwa naso sonke isifunda saseDazhou, futhi iwuphawu ‘lomhume wamatiye we-selenium’ (中国硒部茶园走廊), idolobha elihlose ukuwukhuthaza njengophawu olulodwa. Izinkondlo zesikhulu se-Qing uWang Menggeng (王梦庚), owakhonza kabili njengenhloko yesifunda eWanyuan (1808, 1826), ziqukethe inkondlo edumile ethi: ‘Ulimi lwendlwane, ngencike eqhudelana namahlumela aseMengdingshan; itiye elicindezelwe, licindezela imikhiqizo yaseLinqiong’ (雀舌芒欺蒙顶撷，龙团饼压临邛研) — ubufakazi bokuthi itiye laseWanyuan lase selilinganiswe namanye amatiye amakhulu aseSichuan eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule.

3. Ukuchazwa Kwezitshalo kanye Nezithako Zaso:

Izinhlobo / Okutshaliwe: Ezinye izinhlobo eziyinhloko — i-Sichuan medium-leaf population (四川中叶群体种, Sìchuān Zhōngyè Qúntǐzhǒng) — Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ehlwanyelwa ngembewu. Iphawuleka ngokumelana isithwathwa esiqinile (耐寒性强), okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseDabashan lapho ubusika bufika emazingeni aphansi aze afike ku –10°C. Iqabunga liphakathi ngobukhulu, linoboya obuningi. Izihlahla zetiye ezindala ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 zigxilile esigodini saseCaoba (草坝镇). Isisindo samahlumela ayikhulu asezingeni ‘elilodwa ngeqabunga elilodwa’ cishe singama-45 g.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo okuyinhloko. Okuyigugu kakhulu ‘mingqiancha’ (明前茶) — itiye elivunwa ngaphambi kweQingming (~5 April): okungenani u-90% wamahlumela asezingeni ‘elilodwa ngeqabunga elisanda kuvuleka’. ‘Yuqiancha’ (雨前茶) — ngaphambi kweGuyu (~20 April): amahlumela ‘elilodwa ngeqabunga elilodwa elivulekile’, okungenani u-80%. Kukhona isimiso ‘sokungavuni okuhlanu’ (五不采, wǔ bù cǎi): ukungavuni uma kunemvula, ukungavuni iqabunga elinombethe, ukungavuni iqabunga elinsomi, ukungavuni iqabunga elilimele, ukungavuni iqabunga elingelona ezingeni elifanele.
Izinga lokuvuna:
- Izinga eliphezulu (特级): igxolo elilodwa noma igxolo elineqabunga elisanda kuvuleka. Ubude balo — bungabi ngaphezu kuka-2 cm.
- Izinga lokuqala (一级): igxolo elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa. Ubude — bungabi ngaphezu kuka-2.5 cm.
- Izinga lesibili (二级): igxolo elilodwa namacembe amabili amancane.
Izidingo zezithako eziluhlaza: Iziphakeme kakhulu. Amahlumela anosayizi ofanayo, aphelele, angenawo ukulimala kwemishini. Ukuvuna ngesandla. Amahlamvu amasha alethelwa ukucutshungulwa ngokushesha ngalo suku.

4. Indawo (Terroir) Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: I-Wanyuan isendaweni enesimo sezulu esimanzi sase-subtropical monsoon esinamazinga okuhlukahluka ngokuphakama — umehluko phakathi kokuphansi kakhulu (335 m) nokuphakeme kakhulu (2412 m) kwedolobha ungaphezu kwama-2000 m. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka cishe lingu-14.7°C. Izinsuku ezingenasithwathwa zingu-237. Imvula yonyaka icishe ibe ngu-1170 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezinamafu nenkungu lingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Ukuthola ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kugqugquzela ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid: okuqukethwe ama-amino acid etiyeni lasentwasahlobo — okungenani kungu-3.0%.
Ukuphakama okutshalwa kulo: 800–1200 metres ngaphezu kolwandle — okubizwa nge-‘bhande legolide lokutshala itiye laseDabashan’ (大巴山黄金产茶带).
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ephuzi-nsundu (黄棕壤, huáng zōng rǎng) kanye ‘namatshe ayize’ (烂石地, làn shí dì) — lolu hlobo uLu Yu (陆羽) encwadini yakhe ethi ‘Chá Jīng’ (茶经) ayeluthatha njengolufanele kakhulu itiye. I-pH 4.5–6.0, okuqukethwe yizinto eziphilayo — okungaphezu kwe-1.0%. Okuhlukile okubalulekile — ukuqukethwe i-selenium ngokwemvelo: 0.28–0.51 μg/g — i-Wanyuan ingenye yezindawo ezintathu ezinkulu zaseChina ezinothile nge-selenium (全国三大富硒带).
Imvelo: Umhlaba ombozwe ihlathi — 60.2%. Idolobha laseWanyuan lisenhlokodolobha yomfula iQujiang (渠江), endaweni enokungcola okuncane kwezimboni. Isifunda sathola isitifiketi esithi ‘I-Bar Yomoya-mpilo Yemvelo YaseChina’ (中国天然氧吧). Amasimu etiye aniselwa imifudlana yasezintabeni namanzi aseziphethwini emithonjeni esenhlokodolobha yomfula iDanjiang (丹江).
Izindawo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza (核心产区):
- Isigodi saseCaoba (草坝镇, Cǎobà Zhèn): Umnyombo ongokomlando wokukhiqiza — kulapha okukhona ifemu yokuqala kahulumeni yetiye (1987). Izihlahla ezindala ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30.
- Indawo yaseBatai (八台乡, Bātái Xiāng): Amasimu aphakeme ezintabeni asezingeni le-1000–1200 m, azungezwe yinkungu unyaka wonke.
- Indawo yaseShitang (石塘镇): Amasimu angaphezu kwe-3000 mu asengenile esikhathini esigcwele sokukhiqiza.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Bā shān què shé ikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obugunyaziwe obuhlanganisa ukugazinga nokomisa ngomoya oshisayo (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo). Le ndlela ivumela ukugcina isimo seqabunga ‘lolwendlwane’ esicabalele bese kuvulwa iphunga le-chestnut. Itiye lihlolisiswe ngokwamazinga aseYurophu (SGS, amapharamitha angu-486).

Ukuqoqa (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Ukuqoqa ngesandla ngokwemigomo yokungavuni okuhlanu (五不采). Amahlumela alethwa efemini ngalo suku.
Ukuhlukanisa (摊放 — tān fàng): Amahlumela aqoqiwe ahlukaniswa abe ungqimba oluncane amahora angu-4–6 ukuze abune kancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lomswakama liyehla, iqabunga liba nokunqamuka, kuqale ukwakheka kwephunga.
‘Ukuqeda ukuluhlaza’ (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukucutshungulwa emshinini oyisilinda ojikajikayo ezingeni lokushisa elingu-180°C. Ukwehlisa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme ngokushesha, ukulungisa umbala oluhlaza kanye nephunga le-chestnut.
Ukubunjwa — ‘ukudonsa nokuyisicaba’ (理条压扁 — lǐtiáo yā biǎn): Isinyathelo esibalulekile esinquma isimo ‘solwendlwane’ esiyisici. Kusetshenziswa indlela yesandla ‘yokudonsa’ (手工拖带, shǒugōng tuōdài): uchwepheshe udonsa iqabunga phezu kwendawo eshisa phansi, ngesikhathi esifanayo eliphahlaza futhi eliqondisa igxolo ngalinye. Yilapha lapho kwakhiwa khona umumo oyisicaba, ocacile, ocijile kancane ‘wolimi’.
Ukupholisa (摊晾 — tān liáng): Iqabunga liyahlukaniswa ukulinganisela umswakama futhi ‘liphumule’ ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kokugcina.
Ukubunjwa kwesibili (隔离整形 — gélí zhěngxíng): Ukulungisa okwengeziwe komumo: ukususa ukungalingani, ukuqinisekisa ukufana.
Ukomisa okuncane nokusonga kancane (辉干 — huīgān): Iqabunga licwengwa kancane ezisefeni zikakhuni (竹筛轻揉) ukuze kugcwaliswe ukwakha ubuso futhi kususwe umswakama osele ngezinga elithile.
Ukufudumeza ‘ukuphakamisa iphunga’ (烘焙提香 — hōngbèi tíxiāng): Ukomisa okokugcina ngezinga eliphansi lokushisa ngo-60–70°C. Ukushisa okunensayo, ngokucophelela ‘kukhiya’ iphunga le-chestnut ngaphakathi kweqabunga letiye, ngaphandle kokushisa iqabunga ngokweqile.

6. Izici Zokuzwa:

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amacembe ayisicaba, abushelelezi, aqondile (扁平匀直, biǎnpíng yúnzhí), anombala ogqamile oluhlaza (翠绿, cuìlǜ) anoboya obumhlophe obonakalayo (显毫, xiǎn háo). Umumo mncane kakhulu — ufana nolimi lwendlwane yasezintabeni. Iqabunga lifana ngendlela emangalisayo.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elimnene le-chestnut (嫩栗香, nèn lìxiāng) — uphawu oluphawuleka kangcono lwezinga le-Bā shān què shé. Lengezelwe iphunga elihlanzekile eliluhlaza (清香, qīngxiāng).
Iphunga lokuphuza: Iphunga le-chestnut njengengxenye evelele, liqinile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside. Ezigabeni eziphakeme kakhulu — kunomthelela omuhle oyimbali.
Ukunambitheka: Ubusha obugqamile (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) — umphumela wokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (≥3.0%). Ubumnandi obusobala (甘, gān). Ukubuya okuhlala isikhathi eside, kuqine kobumnandi ngokukhula kwamathe (回甘生津, huígān shēngjīn). Umzimba unokulingeneka okulinganiselwe. Ubumuncu nokubaba akukho nhlobo ngaphansi kwesimo esifanele sokushisa.
Umbala wokuphuza: Umbala ophuzi-luhlaza okotshani (杏绿), ogqamile, ocwengekileyo (明亮, míngliàng).
Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Luhlaza okotshani, liyaphila (嫩绿鲜活, nèn lǜ xiānhuó), liyefana. Amahlumela avuleka njengezimbali eziphelele (匀整成朵).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-polyphenols (ama-catechins): ≥28% ezingeni eliphezulu. Izinto ezincibilika emanzini — ≥45% — okungenye yezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseChina, okubonisa ukunotha okungavamile kwezinto ezingaphakathi.
Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganisa i-L-theanine): ≥3.0% ezingeni lokuqala nangaphezulu. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kuyisici esibalulekile esinquma ubusha obugqamile kanye ‘nokunambitheka okunamanzi’.
I-selenium (Se): Isici esiyingqayizivele — ukuqukethwe i-selenium eqabungeni letiye kuphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso sezwe. Inhlabathi yaseWanyuan iqukethe i-selenium engu-0.28–0.51 μg/g; itiye likwazi ukuhlanganisa le microelement ngempumelelo. Ngokwakhiqizi, ukuqukethwe i-selenium eqabungeni elomile le-Bā shān què shé kuphindwe izikhathi eziningana kunezamatiye ajwayelekile aluhlaza.
Ama-alkaloids: Ikhefi (okuqukethwe okuphakathi), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini e-groups B (B1, B2), i-vitamin E.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-fluorine, kanye nokungavamile okuhlobene nalendawo ethile — i-selenium.
Amafutha annefihla: Ahlinzeka ngephunga eliqinile le-chestnut. Ukuguquguquka kokushisa kwansuku zonke ezingeni le-800–1200 m kukhulisa ukuhlanganisa kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant: Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenols (≥28%) ne-selenium yemvelo kudala umphumela we-antioxidant osebenzisanayo — i-selenium iyingxenye ye-glutathione peroxidase, enye yama-enzyme abalulekile ekuvikeleni i-antioxidant emzimbeni.
Ukugcwalisa ukushoda kwe-selenium: I-selenium i-microelement ebalulekile edingekayo ekusebenzeni ngokujwayelekile kwendlala yegilo, amasosha omzimba kanye nempilo yokuzala. Itiye elivela enhlabathini enothile nge-selenium lingumthombo ophephile we-selenium yemvelo.
Umphumela wokuqinisa amandla: Ukuhlanganiswa kwekhefi ne-L-theanine kunikeza amandla amnene, alinganiselayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo.
Ukusekela isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechins asiza ekujwayeleni ukusebenza kwamafutha nasekugcineni ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ama-polyphenols nama-catechins akhuthaza izinqubo zokugaya futhi alungise umthelela wamagciwane amathumbu.
Ukuvikela amazinyo: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fluorine kubamba ukusebenza kwamagciwane abanga izinyo.
Umthelela opholileyo: Itiye eliluhlaza emithini yendabuko yaseChina lithathwa ‘njengomkhiqizo opholile’, osiza ukususa ukushisa kwangaphakathi.

9. Ukupheka Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C. Ezingeni eliphezulu (特级) kuvamise ukwehliswa ku-75°C — lapho izithako zimnene, kunciphisa izinga lokushisa.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml (ingilazi yengilazi, isilinganiso 1:50) noma 4–5 g nge-100–120 ml (gaiwan, indlela yokuthulula).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯) — ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu: ivumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ‘izilimi zomhlwenga’ eziyisicaba zisukuma ziqonde emanzini, zivuleke njengeziphephelo ezincane. Futhi ifanele i-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba (白瓷盖碗).
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi ashisayo.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Indlela ‘yokuthela okuphakathi’ (中投法): thela u-1/3 womthamo wamanzi (80–85°C), nyakazisa kancane ingilazi ‘ukuvusa iphunga’ (摇香), bese wengeza amanzi kuze kugcwale.
4. Ukuphekwa kokuqala: 30 seconds.
5. Ukuphinda kugezwa: vula izikhathi ngo-10 seconds njalo.
6. Itiye likwazi ukumelana izikhathi ezi-3–4 ezigcwele zokugeza (izinga lesibili — kuze kube ngu-5+).

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakishwa okuvaliwe (i-foil ye-aluminium noma i-vacuum), ukuvikela ekukhanyeni, umswakama namaphunga angaphandle.
Okuhle kakhulu — ukugcinwa efrijini ku-0–5°C epaketheni elivaliwe. Kunconywa ukuthatha isitokwe samasonto angu-1–2 kusengaphambili, ukuze ungavuli iphakethe elikhulu njalo.
Uma itiye lizophuzwa zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili — kungenziwa ukuligcina endaweni epholile, emnyama ngezinga lokushisa lasekamelo.
Itiye elisha (xīnchá) linconywa ukuthi ‘liphumule’ izinsuku eziyi-10–15 ngaphambi kokuqala ukupheka ukuze kunciphise ‘ukushisa komlilo’ (火气) ngemva kokushiswa.
Ngemva kokuvulwa — kufanele liphuzwe zingakapheli inyanga ukuze lithole ukusha okuphelele.

11. Intengo Nokugwema Okuwumbombono:

Isigaba sentengo: Ingxenye emaphakathi nephezulu yamatiye aluhlaza aseSichuan. Izintengo ezicatshangelwe: izinga eliphezulu (特级, mingqiancha) — kusukela ku-800 yuan nge-jin (500 g) nangaphezulu; izinga lokuqala (一级, yuqiancha) — 400–600 yuan; izinga lesibili (二级) — lithengekayo, okuwukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Ungakugwema kanjani okuwumbombono:
- Thenga kubahwebi abagunyaziwe bophawu ‘巴山雀舌’. Umkhiqizi oyinhloko inkampani kahulumeni eWanyuan kanye nabasebenzisana nabo abagunyaziwe.
- Hlola ubukhona bophawu lwendawo ‘万源富硒茶’ (Wanyuan Fuxicha) kanye/noma uphawu lokuhweba oluthi ‘巴山雀舌’ (Bā shān què shé) epaketheni.
- Ukuhlola okubonwayo: itiye langempela liyisicaba, libushelelezi, linoboya obucacile futhi linombala ofanayo ogqamile oluhlaza. Okuwumbombono imvamisa kunomumo ongalingani, umbala offile noboya obuncane.
- Iphunga kufanele libe yi-chestnut ehlanzekile, ngaphandle kwamanothi ‘amakha’ noma abolile.
- Ukuhlungwa kuvele kucacile, kuluphuzi-luhlaza okotshani. Ukuhlungwa okunukubele noma okuphuzi kuwuphawu lwezinga eliphansi noma letiye elidala.

12. Amaqiniso Ajabulisayo:

Umbhalo odwaleni wamandulo wetiye eChina. Umbhalo othi ‘Ziyunping Zhiming Lingyuanji’ (《紫云坪植茗灵园记》, we-1109) esigodini saseShiwo ungumbhalo oqoshwe odwaleni odwala kunawo wonke eChina owabhala ngokuhlakulela itiye okunenjongo. Umshicilelo wawo ugcinwe eMnyangweni Wamatiye WaseChina eHangzhou. Kuyamangaza ukuthi lo mbhalo uqopha ukuthuthwa kwezithombo zetiye kusuka eFujian kuyiswa ezintabeni zaseDabashan — ubufakazi bokuhwebelana ‘ngetiye’ phakathi kwezifunda emaphethelweni ekhulu le-11 nele-12.
I-kalligrafi kajenene. Igama elithi ‘巴山雀舌’ labhalwa nge-kalligrafi nguGeneral Zhang Aiping (张爱萍, 1910–2003) — omunye wabaphathi bezempi abavelele be-PRC, owazalelwa eSichuan. I-kalligrafi yakhe isetshenziswa njengophawu olusemthethweni lomkhiqizo.
Inkosi ye-selenium. I-Wanyuan iyona ndawo kuphela eSichuan eyamukelwa ‘njengendawo enothile nge-selenium yemvelo’ (天然富硒区). Ukuqukethwe i-selenium enhlabathini kungu-0.28–0.51 μg/g, kanti kwezinye izindawo kufinyelela ku-12 ppm. Itiye elivela kule nhlabathi limunye umthombo ofinyeleleka kalula futhi omnandi wokugcwalisa ukushoda kwe-selenium, okuthi ngokwezilinganiso ze-WHO, kuthinta abantu emazweni angaphezu kwe-40.
Izinkondlo zesikhulu se-Qing. U-Wang Menggeng (王梦庚), owakhethwa kabili njengenhloko yesifunda saseWanyuan ngenkathi ye-Qing (1808, 1826), wavuma ngokusobala ukuthi wabuyela ihlandla lesibili ngenxa yetiye lendawo: ‘Ulimi lwendlwane, ngencike eqhudelana namahlumela aseMengdingshan…’ — isenzakalo esingavamile lapho isikhulu sanikela ngezinkondlo hhayi emsebenzini, kodwa etiyeni.
Amapharamitha angu-486. I-Bā shān què shé ihlolisiswe ngokwamapharamitha angu-486 ezinga laseYurophu i-SGS — umphumela okwaziwa ngamatiye ambalwa aluhlaza aseChina.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-‘quèshé’ kanye namatiye aseHanzhong:

Ningqiang Que She (宁强雀舌): Futhi ‘ulimi lomhlwenga’ oluvela eHanzhong, kodwa ngaleso sifunda saseNingqiang. Lugcwele i-Se, alunabo ubumuncu. I-Bā shān què shé — ivela eBashan (Sichuan/Shaanxi), inesimo esigqamile ‘sezintaba’.
Pujiang Que She (蒲江雀舌): ISichuan. ‘Ulimi’, iphunga le-chestnut ngokwengeziwe. I-Bā shān — imbalwa ngokwengeziwe futhi ‘imusha’, ivela endaweni ephakeme yaseBashan.
Hanzhong Xianmao (汉中仙毫): Uphawu oluhlanganisayo lwaseHanzhong. Umumo oyisicaba, iphunga le-chestnut. I-Bā shān què shé — umumo ‘wolimi’, indawo ehlukile (Bashan vs Qinling).

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-‘quèshé’ kanye namatiye aseSichuan-Shaanxi:

Ningqiang Que She (宁强雀舌): IShaanxi. Futhi ‘ulimi lomhlwenga’, kodwa kuvela eHanzhong (inhlabathi ye-Se). I-Bā shān ivela eDazhou, futhi igcwele i-Se. Zombili — zithambile, zinobumuncu obuphansi.
Pujiang Que She (蒲江雀舌): ISichuan. Iyisicaba, iphunga ‘lebhontshisi’, ivolumu ephezulu yokukhiqiza. I-Bā shān — imbalwa kakhudlwana, inesisekelo se-chestnut ne-Se.
Jintan Que She (金坛雀舌): IJiangsu. I-‘quèshé’ yasempumalanga, ngaphandle kwe-Se. I-Bā shān — igcwele i-Se, inephunga le-chestnut eligqamile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Bā shān què shé — itiye elivela kwalabo abavuza umcwaningi onesineke. Ngemuva kwegama elimnene elithi ‘ulimi lomhlwenga’ kukhona umlando oyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, umbhalo oqoshiwe odwaleni omdala kunawo wonke eChina mayelana nokutshalwa kwetiye, indawo ehlukile enhlabathini egcwele i-selenium, kanye nojenene ongazange adele ibhulashi lakhe le-kalligrafi. Engilazini — ubusha obumnene obufudumele nge-chestnut, ubumnandi obuhlanzekile obungenabumuncu kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okukhula ngesigqikijana ngasinye. Leli tiye lifanele labo abafuna inhlanganisela yokunambitheka okungenasici kanye nenzuzo yangempela empilweni — futhi abazisayo amatiye anemilando yangempela, hhayi eqanjiwe.