Anshun Pubu Lucha

I-Anshun Pubu Lucha (安顺瀑布绿茶, Ānshùn Pùbù Lǜchá) iwubhulogi wezindawo zomphakathi wetiyi eluhlaza yedolobha lase-Anshun, esifundazweni sase-Guizhou, futhi ingenye y’“amatiyi amahlanu adumile ase-Guizhou” (贵州五大名茶). Leli tiye likhiqizwa endaweni ezungeze impophoma enkulu kunazo zonke e-Asia — i-Huangguoshu (黄果树瀑布, Huángguǒshù Pùbù), ethafeni le-karst elinombuso oyingqayizivele w’ “amafu”. Isifunda sase-Anshun singelinye lamabala okuqala kakhulu omhlaba aziwa ngetiye: kulapha, emfuleni i-Beipanjiang, ngo-1980 kwatholakala imbewu yetiye eyisidala esiyinsalela (茶籽化石) eneminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1.64 — okuwukuphela kwesinto enjalo emhlabeni. Ibhulogi “Pubu” (瀑布, “Impophoma”) inesithopho esimbongi esithi “Igolide Eliluhlaza Lasezweni Lezimpophoma” (瀑乡绿金, Pùxiāng Lǜjīn).

1. Ukufakwa Esigabeni kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingabiliswanga. Lethulwa ngezindlela ezimbalwa: elisongekayo (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng) — lolohlu lwe-“Pubu Maofeng”; eliyisicaba (扁平形, biǎnpíng xíng) — lolohlu lwe-“Pubu Cuiya” ne-“Pubu Cuilong”.

• Isigaba: Enye y’ “amatiyi amahlanu adumile ase-Guizhou” (贵州五大名茶, Guìzhōu Wǔ Dà Míngchá) — lesi sikhundla sanikezwa ngo-2010. Umkhiqizo ovinjelwe uphawu lwendawo (中华人民共和国地理标志保护产品, dìlǐ biāozhì bǎohù chǎnpǐn) — kusukela ngo-2012–2013. Inqobe izikhathi eziningi emncintiswaneni kazwelonke we-“Zhong Cha Bei” (中茶杯), kuhlanganisa nomklomelo ophakeme kakhulu — “Umklomelo Okhethekile” (特等奖, tèděng jiǎng) ngo-1994 — okokuqala emlandweni wase-Guizhou. Ngo-2023 yahlonishwa ngesikhundla so-“Minye Ithiyi Eshumi Eziphezulu ZaseChina” (全国十大名茶). Ingena ohlelweni lwamabhulogi ezifunda esifundazweni sase-Guizhou kanye ne-Douyun Mao Jian, Meitan Cuiya, Lvbaoshi ne-Zunyi Hong.

• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), idolobha lase-Anshun (安顺市, Ānshùn Shì). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa iziyingi eziyi-15 kuso sonke isifunda sedolobha sase-Anshun.

• Imixhumanisi yendawo: Cishe ububanzi obuyi-26°15′ enyakatho, nobude obuyi-105°57′ empumalanga (ngokwesizinda sokukhiqiza eduze nempophoma i-Huangguoshu).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Isiko letiye lase-Anshun lingelinye lamadala kakhulu e-China. Ngawo-1980 emfuleni i-Beipanjiang (北盘江), eduze nempophoma i-Huangguoshu, kwatholakala imbewu yetiye eyisidala eyinsalela eneminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1.64 — into eyingqayizivele eqinisekisa ukuthi ithafa lase-Guizhou laliyingxenye yendawo yasendulo yezihlahla zetiye zasendle.

  Ubufakazi bokuqala obubhaliwe ngetiye esifundeni sase-Anshun buye ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseNtshonalanga Han (ikhulu lesi-2 BC): encwadini “Umlando Wasendulo Wase-Guizhou” (《贵州古代史》) kuchazwa ukuthi isithunywa sombusi u-Wu-di, u-Tang Meng (唐蒙), safari esigcawini semakethe sombuso wase-Yelang (夜郎, Yèláng — ngokusho kwabanye osomlando inhlokodolobha yawo yayitholakala endaweni yase-Anshun), wathola itiye phakathi kwezimpahla zendawo.

  Ngesikhathi soMbuso we-Song (960–1279), i-Anshun yangena ohlelweni “lokuhweba ngamahhashi netiye” (茶马贸易, chámǎ màoyì), yaba yindawo yokuhlanganisa phakathi kombuso wase-Dali noMbuso we-Song. Itiye lase-Anshun lasakazeka nge-Chamagudao (茶马古道) laya enyakatho nasentshonalanga.

  Inguquko enkulu yenzeka ekuqaleni kombuso we-Ming (Ikhulu le-14–15), lapho ngokuyalelwa kombusi u-Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋) kwafakwa izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amasosha nabalimi abavela ezifundazweni zase-Jiangnan e-Guizhou. Abafuduki bahamba nembewu yamatiye amaqabunga amancane nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bokucubungula, okwabeka isisekelo salokho namuhla okwaziwa nge- “Anshun Zhuyeqing” (安顺竹叶青) — uhlobo lwendawo lomkhiqizo olunamaqabunga amancane aluhlaza. Izimpawu zalesi sikhathi zisaqhubeka nokubonakala kuma-“tunbao” (屯堡, tūnbǎo) ase-Anshun — izindawo eziyizinqaba zezempi, lapho izihlahla zetiye zasendulo zisaqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube namuhla.

  Umlando wanamuhla webhulogi le-“Pubu” uqala ngo-1958, lapho ezikhungweni zikahulumeni zezolimo zase-Anshun kwakhiwa ukukhiqizwa ekusikeni kwetiye eliluhlaza lophawu lwe-“Qianlv” (黔绿, “Okuluhlaza Kwase-Guizhou”), olwaluthunyelwa emazweni angaphandle ngamachweba ase-Shanghai. Ngo-1994 kwasungulwa ibhulogi i-“Pubu” (瀑布), futhi ngawo lowo nyaka i-“Pubu Maofeng” (瀑布毛峰) yathola “Umklomelo Okhethekile” emncintiswaneni kazwelonke we-“Zhong Cha Bei” — klomelo lokuqala lolu hlobo emlandweni wesifundazwe sase-Guizhou. Ngo-2010 i-“Pubu Maofeng” yangena ohlwini “Lwamatiyi Amahlanu Adumile ase-Guizhou”. Ngo-2012–2013 ibhulogi yathola izikhundla zo-“Phawu Lokuhweba Olidumile Lwesifundazwe sase-Guizhou” (贵州省著名商标) kanye no-“Mkhiqizo Ovinjelwe Uphawu Lwendawo weRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseChina” (中华人民共和国地理标志保护产品). Ngo-2025 i-“Pubu” yathola isitifiketi se-“Ibhlulogi Lasendulo Lase-Anshun” (安顺老字号).

• Igama:

  • “Anshun” (安顺, Ānshùn) — “Ukuthula Nokuhleleka” — igama ledolobha elasungulwa ngesikhathi se-Ming njengendawo yezempi emngceleni oseningizimu-ntshonalanga yombuso.
  • “Pubu” (瀑布, Pùbù) — “Impophoma” — okubhekiswe ngqo empophoma i-Huangguoshu (黄果树瀑布), impophoma enkulu kunazo zonke e-Asia (ubude 77,8 m, ububanzi 101 m), esemkhatsini wesifunda sokukhiqiza.
  • “Lücha” (绿茶) — “Itiye Eliluhlaza”.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Itiye lase-Anshun lihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniseka nezingqimba ezimbili zamasiko ezihlukile. Esokuqala isimo se-karst se-Huangguoshu, esidonsa izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke; ibhulogi i-“Pubu” isebenzisa ngamabomu isithombe sempophoma njengesingathekiso so-“bumsulwa” kanye “nokusha” kwephrofayili yetiye. Esibili isiko lo-“tunbao” (屯堡): inzalo yezifiki zasemandulo zase-Ming ezivela e-Jiangnan igcine amasiko asendulo, izingubo, ulimi lwesigodi, futhi okubalulekile, amasiko etiye angenkulungwane yeminyaka eyedlule. Njalo ngonyaka e-Anshun kuba ne-“Nkathi Yokuvulwa Kokuqoqwa Kwetiye” (开茶季) kanye nemincintiswano yokunambitha, osekuyimicimbi ephawulekayo yezivakashi.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / Ulimi: Ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa ze- Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ezisetshenziswayo ekukhiqizeni:

  • Anshun Zhuyeqing (安顺竹叶青, Ānshùn Zhúyèqīng) — uhlobo lomkhiqizo wendawo (群体种) onamaqabunga amancane, osuka embewini yetiye eyalethwa abafuduki be-Ming evela e-Jiangnan ngekhulu le-14–15. Luhluke ngoku-“kugcina ubumnene” okuphezulu (持嫩性), ngesilinganiso esifanele se-polyphenol nama-amino acid (酚氨比), esakha iphrofayili entsha, enamakha aphezulu.
  • Xie Taicha (细叶苔茶, Xìyè Táichá) — “Itiye Elinobulembu Namaqabunga Amancane” — olunye uhlobo lomkhiqizo wendawo, olujwayelekile e-Guizhou. Lunikeza iqabunga eliminyene, “eliyinyama” elinoboya obuhle.
  • Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái) — uhlobo olunamaqabunga amakhulu olulethwe lwavela e-Fujian, olusetshenziswa njengolungelulodwa. Lunikeza ukuba namathiphu okugqamile kanye noboya besiliva.

• Ukuqoqwa: Ukuqoqwa kwasentwasahlobo yikhona okubaluleke kakhulu. “Mingqiancha” (明前茶) — ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (~5 Ephreli); “yuqiancha” (雨前茶) — ngaphambi kwe-Guyu (~20 Ephreli). Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele esilinganiselwe sase-Guizhou, isizini ingaqala ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noMashi.

• Izinga lokuqoqa:

  • Ibanga eliphezulu (特级): izimbaba eziyodwa noma imbaba eyodwa eneqabunga esanda kuvuleka kancane (一芽一叶初展). Amahlumela ayalingana, anoboya obubonakalayo, ubude — bungabi ngaphezu kwama-2,5 cm.
  • Ibanga lokuqala (一级): imbaba eyodwa eneqabunga elilodwa elivulekile (一芽一叶).
  • Ibanga lesibili (二级): imbaba eyodwa enamacembe amabili ekuqaleni kokuvuleka (一芽二叶初展).

• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ukufana kosayizi, ukuphelela, kungabikho kwamacembe amahhadlahhadla kanye neziqu. Izinto eziqoqiwe ezintsha kufanele zihanjiswe emshinini bese zicutshungulwa ngalolo suku.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokukhula:

• Isimo sezulu: I-Anshun itholakala endaweni enesimo sezulu se-monsoon esishisayo, esiguqulwa ukuphakama kwethafa lase-Guizhou. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka cishe liyi-14–16°C. Imvula yonyaka iyi-1200–1400 mm. Isici esibalulekile ukuba namafu okuphezu kwesilinganiso: amasimu etiye ambozwe amafu kanye nenkungu cishe nge-80% yesikhathi. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile (散射光) kuyedlula ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okusiza ukukhula kancane kwamahlumela kanye nokuqoqeka okukhulu kwama-amino acid. Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa phakathi nosuku kuqinisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi ezinuka kamnandi.

• Ukuphakama kokukhula: Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwamasimu kungamamitha ayi-1300 ngaphezu kolwandle. Isizinda sokukhiqiza sisezindaweni eziphakeme ezingu-1200–1500 m ezintabeni zekarst ezizungeze impophoma i-Huangguoshu.

• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi ophuzi one-asidi encane (黄壤, huáng rǎng), ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali — i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc. Isimo se-karst sinikeza ukudonsa ngokweqile okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuvimbela amanzi ukuthi agcwale ezimpandeni.

• Izindawo zokukhiqiza ezibalulekile (核心产区):

  • Indawo ezungeze i-Huangguoshu — indawo ezungeze impophoma kanye neNqaba Yezwe yase-Mountain Jinzhongshan (金钟山国家森林公园). Lapha “ukuba namafu” kanye nomswakama kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
  • Izintaba i-Yuntaishan ne-Furongshan (云台山、芙蓉山) — izindawo ezincane eziphakeme ezinekhwalithi yetiye engcono kakhulu ngenxa yombuso oyingqayizivele we-karst.
  • I-Bayang Township (坝羊镇) — ukuphela kwe-“Ndawo Yomkhiqizo Wetiyi Yezemvelo” (生态茶叶之乡) e-Anshun, ipaki yetiye eyisibonelo sesifundazwe. Kungaphezu kwe-10,000 mu yezingadi zetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ngaphansi kwebhulogi ephelele ye-“Pubu” kukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa zetiye eliluhlaza, ezihlanganiswe isisekelo esisodwa sobuchwepheshe, kodwa ezahlukahluka ngesikhathi sokubunjwa. Uhlelo olujwayelekile: ukuqoqa → ukwandlala → ukuqinisa okuluhlaza → ukupholisa → ukusonga → ukubunjwa nokomiswa → ukufudumeza ukuze ‘khuphuke amakha’ → ukuhlukanisa ngezigaba.

• Ukuqoqa (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Ukuqoqa ngesandla noma okuyingxenye yomshini ngezikhathi zasekuseni. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zikhethwa ngokuqinile ngokwebanga.

• Ukwandlala (摊放 — tān fàng): Amahlumela aqoqiwe anwetshwa ngendlela ecashile emthunzini ukuze abune kancane futhi aqale ukunuka.

• “Ukubulala Okuluhlaza” (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukucutshungulwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ku-220–280°C. Kukhubaza ama-enzyme e-oxidation, kuqine umbala oluhlaza, kubeke isisekelo semakha.

• Ukupholisa kanye “nokubuyisa umswakama” (摊凉回潮 — tān liáng huícháo): Ngemva kokuqinisa, iqabunga liyanwetshwa ukuze kulinganiswe umswakama osele phakathi kwezingqimba ezingaphandle nezingaphakathi, okuqinisekisa ukulingana ekusongeni okulandelayo.

• Ukusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kusetshenziswa indlela ethi “lula → namandla → lula” (轻—重—轻). Ubude bayo buyimizuzu engama-35–45. Inhloso ukuthi kutholakale ukwakheka komugqa wetiye (成条率) okungaphezu kuka-80% kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuphelela kwehlumela.

• Ukubunjwa nokomiswa (做形和干燥 — zuòxíng hé gānzào): Isinyathelo esinquma isimo sokugcina somkhiqizo:

  • Ku-Pubu Maofeng (瀑布毛峰): ukugingqa ngesandla nokugingqa okwandisiwe (搓团解团) — imijikelezo eyi-6–7, eyakha umucu wetiye osongwe ngokuqinile onoboya obugqamile.
  • Ku-Pubu Cuiya (瀑布翠芽): ukukhama kube yisisindo esiyisicaba, okufana ne-Longjing. Iqabunga liba bushelelezi, linoboya obuncane.
  • Ku-Pubu Cuilong (瀑布翠龙): ukubunjwa kube umucu wetiye oyisicaba noqondile, okhumbuza “udrako” — bushelelezi, uqondile, unombala ogqamile oluhlaza.

• Ukufudumeza ukuze ‘khuphuke amakha’ (提香 — tíxiāng): Ukomiswa kokugcina ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi ku-80–110°C — kuhamba kancane, “kuvala” amakha ngaphakathi komucu wetiye. Umswakama wokugcina ongaqedi u-7%.

• Ukuhlukanisa ngezigaba (筛分归类 — shāifēn guīlèi): Itiye eseliphelele lihlukaniswa ngosayizi nebanga.

6. Iziphawu Zokuhlola:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: kuncike ohlwini. Maofeng: imicu yetiye isongwe ngokuqinile (条索紧细卷曲), inoboya obuningi besiliva (茸毛显露), iyalingana. Cuiya: isicaba, ibushelelezi, inoboya obucashile obuncane (隐毫), iluhlaza okotshani. Cuilong: isicaba, iqondile, inombala ogqamile oluhlaza okotshani.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme, lihlotshisiwe (清香高雅) linothi umnene “omncane” wokuluhlaza okusha (嫩香). Iphunga liyaphikelela futhi lihlala isikhathi eside.

• Iphunga lokumpompola: Liphezulu, lizinzile, linokuba msulwa okusha (清香持久). Emabangeni aphezulu — linothi elincane lezimbali kanye nephunga le-castanea elincane.

• Ukunambitheka: Ubusha obugqamile (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) — umphumela wokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. Umzimba uminyene ngokulinganisela (醇厚, chúnhòu), unoshukela obonakalayo (甘甜, gāntián). Ukubuya koshukela (回甘, huígān) — kusobala futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside. Intukuthelo nobululu kuncane uma kugcinwa indlela yokushisa efanele.

• Umbala wokumpompola: Uphuzi ngokukhanyayo-oluhlaza, okhanyayo, osobala, onokucwazimula “okuphilayo”.

• Itiye elingezansi (iqabunga eliselitsheliwe): Liluhlaza ngokumnene, liyalingana (嫩绿匀齐). Ku-Maofeng — amahlumela avuleka ephelele, amancane futhi ahlanzekile. Ku-Cuiya naku-Cuilong — amaqabunga ayizicaba, alinganayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-polyphenol (amapholifenoli etiye / amakhatekini): Ukuqukethwe kujwayelekile kumatiye asezindaweni eziphakeme ase-Guizhou aluhlaza. Izinga le-“Guizhou Lucha” (贵州绿茶) lidinga ukuqukethwe kwezinto ezikhishwa emanzini ≥40% — omunye wemikhawulo ephakeme kakhulu e-China.

• Ama-amino acid (okuhlanganisa i-L-theanine): Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu ngenxa yokuba namafu aphezulu kanye nokudlondlobala kokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Yimina amino acid anquma “ubusha” obuphawulekayo (鲜爽) kanye noshukela othambile wephrofayili. Isilinganiso se-polyphenol nama-amino acid (酚氨比) — silinganiselwe kahle, okunikeza ukunambitheka okuzwanayo ngaphandle kokubaba ngokweqile.

• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (ezinga eliphakathi nendawo), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.

• Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (i-ascorbic acid), amavithamini eqembu B.

• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese — okubangelwa ukuba khona kwamaminerali emhlabathini ophuzi we-karst.

• Amafutha abalulekile: Anesibopho ukunuka okuphikelelayo okuxube izimbali nokuluhlaza. Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa phakathi nosuku ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1300 kusiza ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwezingxenye eziphunguma kamnandi eziphaphayo.

8. Iziphawu Eziwusizo:

• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol (amakhatekini) kunikeza ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokungathathi hlangothi kwama-radical akhululekile.
• Umphumela ophakamisa ngomoya omncane: Ukuhlangana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza ukuqina okulinganiselwe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugxila ngaphandle kokwethuka.
• Umphumela wokuqabula nokwehlisa ukushisa (清热解暑): Kwezokwelapha zendabuko zamaShayina, itiye eliluhlaza lingezinye zezinto “ezibandayo”, ezisiza ukuhlakazeka kokushisa kwangaphakathi — ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo.
• Ukuxhasa ukugayeka kokudla: Amakhatekini alungisa amagciwane amathumbu futhi akhuthaze izinqubo zokugayeka kokudla.
• Ukuxhasa isimiso somzimba senhliziyo nemithambo: Ama-polyphenol asiza ukuba isimiso semetabolism yamafutha sibe ngokwejwayelekile kanye nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
• Umphumela wokuqinisa wonke umzimba: Ingxube yamavithamini (C, B), amaminerali (K, Mg, Zn) kanye nama-antioxidant.

9. Ukumpompola:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C. Gwema amanzi abilayo aphelele — andisa intukuthelo kanye “nobulukhuni”, acekele phansi amakha athambile.

• Inani letiye: 3–5 g ku-150–200 ml (ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan).

• Ithuluzi: Ingilazi yengilazi (ukuze ubuke ukuvuleka kwamaqabunga) noma i-gaiwan yobumba elicwengekile. Ku-Cuiya naku-Cuilong ingilazi yengilazi imnandi ikakhulukazi — imicu yetiye eyisicaba “idansa” ngendlela ekhangayo emanzini.

• Inqubo:

  1. Fudumeza ituluzi ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Umpompolo wokuqala: ukuhlambulula — thela inani elincane lamanzi (~85°C), yima imizuzwana eyi-15, wamukele. Lesi sinyathelo “sivusa” iqabunga futhi sisuse uthuli oluncane.
  4. Umpompolo wesibili: thela amanzi (85–90°C) odongeni lwengilazi noma i-gaiwan — ungawatheli ngqo ezimbabeni. Misa imizuzwana eyi-10–15. Lo kanye nompompolo wesithathu — angcono kakhulu ekuzweni iphunga elihlanzekile (清香).
  5. Umpompolo olandelayo: yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana eyi-10 isikhathi ngasinye. Itiye limelana nokumpompola okugcwele okungu-4–6.
  6. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokunambitha lilinganiselwa ku-60°C: kuleli zinga lokushisa ubusha (鲜爽) buzwakala bucacile kakhulu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuqinile (okunomhlophe noma i-vacuum), ukuvikela ekukhanyeni, kumswakama, nakwezinye iziphunga ezingaziwa — yizimo eziphoqelekile.
• Ukuze kulondolozwe ubusha ngokuphelele, kukuhle ukugcina efrijini ku-0–5°C ekufakweni okuvalwe ngokuqinile.
• Ngemva kokuvula — sebenzisa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-1–2.
• Itiye elisha (sincha) lingavunyelwa ukuba lilele izinsuku eziyi-3–5 endaweni emnyama epholile ngaphambi kokuqala ukumpompola — ukuze “liphumule” ngemva kokufudumeza.
• Akunconywa ukugcina kanye nokudla okunephunga elinamandla — iqabunga letiye limunca kalula amakha angaphandle.

11. Intengo Kanye Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

• Isigaba sentengo: Ingxenye emaphakathi naphezulu yamatiye aluhlaza ase-Guizhou. Izintengo eziqagelayo zokuthengisa: ibanga eliphezulu (特级, mingqiancha) — kusuka ku-400–800 yuan nge-500 g; ibanga lokuqala — 200–400 yuan; ibanga lesibili — 100–200 yuan. Izinqwaba zasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo zibiza kakhulu kunezasehlobo-ekwindla.

• Ungawagwema kanjani umgunyathi:

  • Thenga kubathengisi abasemthethweni bebhulogi i-“Pubu” (瀑布) — inkampani i-“Guizhou Anshun Pubu Chaye” (贵州安顺瀑布茶业有限公司, ibhizinisi likahulumeni), noma ezinkampanini zetiye ezigunyaziwe zase-Anshun.
  • Hlola ubukhona buphawu lwendawo emkhiqizweni ekufakweni.
  • Bheka ukubukeka: iqiniso i-Maofeng — isongwe ngokuqinile, inoboya obuningi, inombala oluhlaza ngokumnyama olinganayo; iqiniso i-Cuiya — ibushelelezi, isicaba, inoboya obuncane.
  • Iphunga kufanele lihlanzeke, liphakeme, lingabi namaphunga “weziqholo” noma amakhemikhali. Umpompolo — osobala futhi “ophilayo”.
  • Ukukwazi ukumelana nokumpompola okungu-4–6 kuyisibonakaliso sezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni. Umgunyathi “uyaphefumulela phezulu” ngemva kokuphuzwa okukodwa kuya kwezibini.

12. Amaqiniso Athekisayo:

• Ibala letiye lasendulo kunazo zonke. Imbewu yetiye eyisidala eyinsalela eneminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1.64 eyatholwa ngawo-1980 eduze ne-Huangguoshu — okuwukuphela kwento enjalo emhlabeni — yenza i-Anshun ibe ngenye yezindawo zasendulo kakhulu ezibhalwe phansi lapho kwakukhula khona itiye emhlabeni.

• Inzalo yase-Jiangnan ezintabeni zase-Guizhou. Ama-“tunbao” ase-Anshun (屯堡) — yinto engavamile yamasiko: inzalo yezifiki zamasosha zekhulu le-15 iye yagcina ulimi lwesigodi lwasendulo, izingubo, amasiko, futhi phakathi kokunye, amasiko etiye enkathi “yangaphambi kwe-Qing”. Izihlahla zetiye zakudala, ezikhula ngesikhathi se-tunbao, ngokofuzo zibuyela ezinhlotsheni zase-Jiangnan ezineminyaka engamakhulu ayisithupha edlule.

• Itiye nempophoma. Impophoma i-Huangguoshu — enkulu kunazo zonke e-Asia (ubude 77,8 m, ububanzi 101 m) — itholakala enkabeni yendawo yetiye. Isimo somoya omncane, esidalwa yisisulu samanzi esingapheli kanye nokuhwamuka, simanzisa ngokwengeziwe izingadi zetiye ezizungezile. Ibhulogi i-“Pubu” (Impophoma) — akusona nje isu lokumaketha, kodwa kuwukubonakaliswa kokuxhumana kwangempela kwendawo.

• Owokuqala e-Guizhou. Umklomelo wegolide ka-1994 emncintiswaneni we-“Zhong Cha Bei” waba ngumcimbi womlando — okokuqala emlandweni, itiye lase-Guizhou lathola umklomelo ophakeme kuzwelonke. Lokhu kwavula indlela yokwamukelwa okulandelayo kwamanye amatiye ase-Guizhou — i-Douyun Mao Jian, i-Meitan Cui Ya ne-Lvbaoshi.

• Ubukhulu “bedolobha letiye.” Ngo-2024 ingqikithi yendawo yezingadi zetiye zase-Anshun ingaphezu kuka-43 wan mu (万亩, ~29,000 ha), kuzo ezikhiqizayo zingama-35.5 wan mu (万亩). Embonini yamatiyi kuhilelekile iziyingi ezingama-53, amadolobhana angama-245, amabhizinisi nama-cooperative angama-242.

13. Izinhlobo Ezehlukene ze-Pubu Cha:

Ngaphansi kwebhulogi ephelele ye-“Pubu” kukhululwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa, ezihluke ngesimo seqabunga kanye nesitayela:

• Pubu Maofeng (瀑布毛峰, Pùbù Máofēng): Isimo esisongekile (卷曲形). Imicu yetiye imincane, isongwe ngokuqinile, inoboya obuningi. Ukunambitheka — kusha futhi kuthambile, kunoshukela ogqamile. Itiye elingezansi — lincane, liyalingana. Lolu hlu oludume kakhulu futhi oluneziqu.

• Pubu Cuiya (瀑布翠芽, Pùbù Cuìyá): Isimo esiyisicaba (扁平形). Imicu yetiye ebushelelezi, elinganayo enoboya obuncane. Iphunga — lihlotshisiwe, linethoni lezimbali. Ukunambitheka — kuhlanzekile, kuyaqabula, “kunamanzi”. Isitayela esiseduze ne-Longjing.

• Pubu Cuilong (瀑布翠龙, Pùbù Cuìlóng): Isimo esiyisicaba esiqondile. Umbala — ogqamile oluhlaza okotshani. Iphunga — liphikelelayo, “linothile” (馥郁). Ukunambitheka — kugcwele, kunokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Lolu hlu olubukeka kakhulu ngokubuka.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Anshun Pubu Lucha iwutiye olunomlando wokuqala wezigidi zeminyaka, isiko lamakhulu ayisithupha eminyaka kanye nomlando weminyaka engamashumi amathathu webhulogi yesimanje. Lazalwa lapho amafu ethafa le-karst ehlangana nothuli lwamanzi lwempophoma enkulu kunazo zonke e-Asia, — endaweni enhle kangangokuba igama uqobo i-“Pubu” lizwakala njengesimemo sohambo. Enkomishini leli tiye livuleka ngobusha obuthambile obunoshukela ogqamile kanye nokunambitheka okuhlanzekile, “okusobala” ngemva kokuphuza — iphrofayili eyisici samatiye amahle kakhulu aluhlaza asezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Guizhou. Kufanele labo abazisa hhayi amagama amakhulu, kodwa amakha athembekile ezindawo eziphakeme.