7581

I-7581 iyisitini sikanokusho se-shú zhuān (熟砖), isitini esicindezelwe se-puerh emnyama ekhiqizwe yi-Zhongcha Corporation (中茶) e-Kunming Tea Factory, eyangena emlandweni njengenye yezindlela zokupheka zokuqala ezisemgangathweni ngemva kokuzalwa kobuchwepheshe be-wò duī. Namuhla, iyindinganiso yesigaba “sezitini” kanye nesibonelo salokho okubizwa nge-kūnmíng wèi — iphrofayili yokunambitheka yase-Kunming.

1. Ukwehlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-puerh emnyama, evuthiwe (shú, 熟)
• Isigaba: isitini esicindezelwe (zhuān, 砖)
• Umkhiqizi: i-Zhongcha Corporation (中茶), i-Kunming Tea Factory
• Ukuchazwa kwekhodi yento mài hào (唛号): ikhodi yefekthri enezinombolo ezine eyethulwa ukuze kube semgangathweni izindlela zokupheka. Izinombolo ezimbili zokuqala (75) — unyaka wokwakhiwa kwendlela yokupheka, u-1975; inombolo yesithathu (8) — ibanga lesithako ngokobumnene (inombolo iphezulu, iqabunga liba lihlokohle futhi libe likhulu); inombolo yesine (1) — inombolo yefekthri yokukhiqiza, lapho u-1 enikezwe i-Kunming Factory (昆明), u-2 — i-Menghai (勐海), u-3 — i-Xiaguan (下关), u-4 — i-Puer (普洱). Ngakho-ke, i-7581 ichazwa ngokuqondile: indlela yokupheka yango-1975, ibanga lesishiyagalombili lesithako, i-Kunming Factory.
• Imvelaphi yesithako: máochá (毛茶), eqoqwa ezifundeni zetiye zase-Yunnan
• Indawo yokuvutshelwa kanye nokuxutshwa: i-Kunming Factory ye-Zhongcha (昆明) — yindawo yase-Kunming ngokwayo enikeza ukunambitheka okukhethekile
• Isigaba: inhlanganisela yamahlamvu amaphakathi evuthiwe, amahholohholo, ehloselwe isigaba esithengekayo, esikhona yonke indawo, hhayi amabanga ‘athambile’ amahlumela

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

Inani lomlando le-7581 lisendabeni yokuthi lesi ngesinye sezitini zokuqala ze-shu ezikhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningi ngu-Zhongcha kanye nenkomba eyaziwayo yesigaba “sezitini”. Uma i-7572 evela e-Menghai ibhekwa njengeshubhu le-shu eliyindinganiso kanye “nobuso” be-puerh evuthiwe eyengeziwe, i-7581 ithatha indawo efanayo phakathi kwezitini: isetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa ukuthi kufanele kube njani i-shu yase-Kunming yakudala engabizi.

Indlela yokupheka yango-1975 ingeyenkathi lapho imboni yayiqinisa izinombolo zento ezizinzile nezinhlanganisela, isuka ekuguquguqukeni kwezandla iye ezingeni elikhiqizekayo. Kungalesi sizathu i-7581 inesikhundla esikabili — esisemthethweni-yindinganiso (umkhiqizo osemgangathweni onendlela yokupheka emisiwe) kanye nesomlando-lokufunda (ingqopha-mlando ekwakhekeni kobuchwepheshe be-wò duī kanye nohlelo lwe-唛号).

3. Incazelo Yezezitshalo kanye Nesithako:

I-7581 akulona itiye lohlobo olulodwa noma ingadi eyodwa, kodwa iyinhlanganisela enendlela yokupheka. Ibanga lesishiyagalombili lesithako ohlelweni lwamabanga lisho ukusetshenziswa kweqabunga elivuthiwe, elikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neliluhlaza, elikude nobumnene ‘basesigodlweni’. Lapha kubalulekile ukukhumbula sonke isikali sobumnene be-shu puerh: esicongweni kukhona i-gōngtíng (宫廷, ‘yasesigodlweni’) — ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu elenziwe ngamahlumela awodwa kanye neqabunga elithe xaxa, bese kuba i-tèjí (特级, ibanga eliphakeme) bese kulandela amabanga anezinombolo ezehla ngobumnene. I-7581 ngamabomu isengxenyeni engezansi, esebenzayo yalesi sikali — futhi kungalesi sizathu yaba isitini sabantu, sansuku zonke, hhayi i-premium eqoqwayo.

Lokhu kukhethwa kwesithako akusona isici, kodwa kuyingxenye yenhloso: iqabunga eliluhlaza linikeza ukumnandi okuminyene, okuqinile okunesisekelo esihle sokugcinwa isikhathi eside nokuthelwa okuningi, okubalulekile esitini esicindezelwe.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isici esiyinhloko se-7581 ukuthi ubunikazi bayo abunqunywa yingadi ethile eyodwa, kodwa yindawo yokuvutshelwa kanye nokuxutshwa. I-Zhongcha Factory e-Kunming (昆明) isebenza ngesithako se-máochá (毛茶), esiqoqwa ezifundeni zetiye zase-Yunnan, kodwa ukunambitheka kokugcina kunikezwa yindawo yase-Kunming: amanzi, isimo sezulu sethafa eliphakeme, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izilwanyana ezincane zasefekthri, eziye zahlala iminyaka eminingi ezindaweni zokusebenzela ze-wò duī.

Le nto embonini ichazwa ngomqondo we-wèi xíng (味型) — “uhlobo lokunambitheka” lwesifunda lokufumbathiswa okumanzi. Kanye namaphrofayili ase-Menghai (měnghǎi wèi) nase-Lincang (líncāng wèi), iphrofayili yase-Kunming (kūnmíng wèi) ibhekwa njengenye yezinsika ezintathu. Ukuvutshelwa kwase-Kunming ngokwesiko kunikeza umlingiswa owomile, ohlanzekile, ‘ongasindi’ kakhulu futhi ‘ongenalo udaka’ uma kuqhathaniswa nesitayela sase-Menghai esicebile, esimuncu, esinambitheka njengomhlabathi — lokhu kungumphumela oqondile wesimo sezulu esipholile nesomile sethafa, esinomthelela ekuhambeni kokufumbathiswa.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Inhliziyo ye-7581 wubuchwepheshe be-wò duī (渥堆), ukufumbathiswa okumanzi okulawulwayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwabo phakathi nawo-1970s okwaqoshwa endleleni yokupheka engu-‘75’. Ingqikithi yenqubo: máochá enyakazisiwe iqoqwa ibe yinqwaba ezinkulu, lapho ngaphansi komthelela wokushisa, umswakama, kanye nomsebenzi wezinto ezincanyana ezibonakalayo kwenziwa khona ukuvutshelwa okusheshayo. I-wò duī ngokwayo ehlukanisa i-puerh ‘evuthiwe’ (shú, 熟) ‘eluhlaza’ (shēng, 生), iguqule isithako esisaluhlaza sibe itiye elimnyama, elithambile, elilungele ukuphuzwa emavikini, hhayi eminyakeni eyishumi.

Ngemva kokuvutshelwa, ukuhlungwa, nokuguga, isithako siyacindezelwa sibe isitini (zhuān, 砖). Ifomethi yesitini ngokomlando yayiyindlela enobuchwepheshe futhi eyongayo: ucezu oluwunxande oluminyene lulungele ukuthuthwa, ukupakishwa, nokugcinwa, okwenza i-7581 ibe umkhiqizo osebenzayo wokusatshalaliswa okubanzi. Ngokungafani neshubhu (bǐng) noma isidleke (tuó), isitini sihlotshaniswa ngqo nesiko lokucindezela elisebenzayo, ‘elisebenzayo’.

6. Izimpawu Zokunambitheka:

Iphrofayili ye-7581 iyi-shu ‘ethembekile’ yakudala engenamhlobiso. Ukumnandi kunikeza umbala ocwengekileyo we-castnut nobomvu, omnyama. Ephunga nasekunambithekeni, amathoni anjengomhlabathi, anjengokhuni-anjengezinhlaka, afana namantongomane kancane ayabusa; ubumsulwa obomile besitayela sase-Kunming ngaphandle ‘kokugcwala udaka’ ngokweqile kuphawuleka. Umzimba wokumnandi uminyene, uyasonga, unokunambitheka okumnandi okuthambile ngemva kokugwinya, okuya kuba yindilinga lapho isitini sikhula.

I-7581 encane ingase ibe nephunga elincane ‘lendawo yokugcina’ noma lokuvutshelwa — lokhu kuvamile ku-shu esanda kucindezelwa futhi ngokuvamile kuyanyamalala ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yokugcinwa endaweni eyomile ngenisa umoya.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinkombandlela ezisebenzayo zokuphisa:

• Isitsha: i-gàiwǎn noma itiye le-Yixing elenziwe ngobumba oluqinile, elibushelelezisa amanothi amaholoholo we-shu encane.
• Amanzi: amanzi abilayo awashisayo (cishe ngo-100 °C), njengoba iqabunga eliminyene nelivuthiwe lidinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze likhipheke ngokuphelele.
• Ukuhlambulula okuphoqelekile (xǐ chá): ukuthelwa okukodwa noma okubili okufushane ukuze kuvuswe iqabunga elicindezelwe futhi kukhishwe uthuli ‘lwendawo yokufumbathisa’.
• Ukuthelwa: okufushane ekuqaleni, kukhule kancane kancane; i-7581 yekhwalithi ephezulu imelana nokuphisa okuningi, ‘ingawi’ ibe amanzi angenalutho.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgungunthu:

Izinkomba ezimbalwa ezisiza ukubona i-7581 ‘yangempela’ nokuyihlukanisa nezinto eziseduze:

• Ifomethi. Lesi yisitini (zhuān), hhayi ishubhu (bǐng). Uma phambi kwakho kukhona ishubhu eliyindilinga, akuseyona i-7581 — cishe i-7572 noma enye indlela yokupheka.
• Umkhiqizo nefekthri. I-7581 yangempela ingumkhiqizo we-Zhongcha/Kunming (isine ku-1 kukhodi). Ukumakwa nokupakishwa kufanele kubhekise ku-Zhongcha Corporation.
• Iphrofayili yokunambitheka. Ubumsulwa bomhlabathi obomile besitayela sase-Kunming kwenza i-7581 yehluke kuphrofayili esindayo, emuncu enjengodaka yase-Menghai (měnghǎi wèi), evamile ezindleleni zokupheka zase-Menghai.
• Ibanga lesithako. Ibanga lesishiyagalombili lisho iqabunga eliluhlaza ngokuphawuleka ukwedlula ele-‘sigodlo’ le-gōngtíng noma izindlela zokupheka eziyiprimiyamu ezifana ne-7262. Uma kunesitini kunamahlumela amancane athambile amaningi, lokhu akuyona iphrofayili ye-7581.
• Isigaba. I-7581 ngokomlando ibekwe njengetiye elithengekayo, lansuku zonke, elisezingeni lokungena. Intengo yeprimiyamu kanye nokwethulwa ‘njengeqoqwayo’ kufanele kubangele imibuzo — lokhu akuyona imvelo yale khodi yento.

Yinhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu — isitini, i-Zhongcha/Kunming, indlela yokupheka yango-75, iqabunga elikhulile elivuthiwe kanye nokunambitheka okomile-hlanzekile kwase-Kunming — okwenza i-7581 yaziwe futhi ibe yimeleli eyindinganiso efanele yesigaba sayo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Enombolweni engu-7581 lonke ‘uhlu lozalo’ lwayo lubhalwe ngekhodi: unyaka wendlela yokupheka (1975), ibanga lesithako (elesishiyagalombili) kanye nefekthri (yase-Kunming, inombolo 1) — lesi yisibonelo sohlelo lwefekthri lwezikhodi zento mài hào (唛号), olwathatha indawo yokuguquguquka kwezandla.
• Iphrofayili yokunambitheka yase-Kunming (kūnmíng wèi) — ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinsika ‘zohlobo lokunambitheka’ (wèi xíng, 味型) wokufumbathiswa okumanzi kanye neyase-Menghai (měnghǎi wèi) kanye neyase-Lincang (líncāng wèi).
• I-7581 kanye ne-7572 zakha ipheya lezindinganiso ze-puerh evuthiwe eyengeziwe: i-7572 — “ubuso” bamashubhu e-shu ase-Menghai, i-7581 — inkomba yezitini ze-shu zase-Kunming.