màihào

Ikhodi enezinombolo ezine efana no-7542 esembozweni sesicibisholo se-puer asiwona unyaka wokukhiqiza noma isisindo, kodwa i-màihào (唛号), inombolo yefekthri yereseji. Ukuqonda umqondo wayo kwehlukanisa ukuthenga okunengqondo nokuqagela ngephakheji.

Siyini i-唛号 nokuthi yavela kanjani

Igama elithi 唛 (mài) liwukuboleka ngokwemisindo, elidlulisa igama lesiNgisi elithi “mark”, okusho ukuthi “ukumaka”, “i-athikhili”. Ngokwengqikithi ye-puer, i-màihào (唛号) iyikhodi yempahla emisiwe, enqunywe iresiphi ethile yezimboni ezinkulu zikahulumeni zetiyela e-Yunnan. Uhlelo lwangeniswa ngesimo salo sanamuhla ngo-1976, lapho isakhiwo sokukhiqiza nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe embonini sasidinga indlela efanayo yokuphawula izindlela zokupheka - “amafomula” omxube aphindwayo, ngokwawo umkhiqizo owodwa owawuhlanganiswa unyaka nonyaka.

Umqondo oyinhloko okufanele uwuqonde ngokushesha: i-唛号 ichaza iresiphi, hhayi iqulu. Iyinombolo yekhathalogi, hhayi idethi noma inkomba yokuvuthwa. Iziqhumane ezimbili ezinenombolo efanayo, ezicindezelwe ngokuhlukana kweminyaka engamashumi eminyaka, zingaphansi komugqa owodwa werejese, kodwa zingahluka kakhulu ngobudala, indawo yokugcina kanye nesimo sokutshala.

Indlela Ikhodi Efeswa Ngayo: Idijithi Ngedijithi

I-唛号 yakudala yetiyi elicindezelwe inamadijithi amane; eyelithi elivulekile le-maocha isebenzisa uhlobo olunamadijithi amahlanu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi enezinombolo ezine kwenziwa ngezikhundla:

• [1–2] — unyaka werejese. Amadijithi amabili okuqala abonisa unyaka lapho iresiphi yakhiwa futhi yagunyazwa. Lona “ngunyaka wokuzalwa kwefomula”, hhayi unyaka wokwenziwa kwesiqhumane esithile.
• [3] — umgangatho (ubuthamba) wezinto zokusetshenziswa. Idijithi yesithathu ikhomba ibanga leqabunga elisetshenziswayo ngokwesikali sobuthamba: uma kuncane idijithi, kuyathamba kakhulu izinto zokusebenza. Lesi yisici esimaphakathi somxube, hhayi ibanga elilodwa eliqinile.
• [4] — umenzi, ifekthri. Idijithi yokugcina inombolo yekhodi yefekthri.

Amakhodi amafekthri amakhulu:

Idijithi	Ifekthri
1	Kunming (昆明) / 中茶
2	Menghai (勐海) / 大益
3	Xiaguan (下关)
4	Puer (普洱)

Ngokuhlanganisa izikhundla ndawonye, ikhodi engu-7542 ifundeka kanje: reseji yango-1975, izinto zokusetshenziswa zebanga lesine lobuthamba, ifekthri yase-Menghai (ifekthri No. 2).

Izinombolo Eziyisibonelo Okufanele Wazi

Amanye ama-唛号 ngokuhamba kweminyaka eminingi asephenduke izinkomba zomkhakha — ngokwawo ukumelwa kwesigaba kulinganiswa.

• 7542 — iresiphi yango-1975, izinto zokusetshenziswa zebanga lesi-4, ifekthri yase-Menghai. Lesi yisibonelo se-shēng bǐng (生饼), isicibisholo se-puer eluhlaza elicindezelwe. Kusetshenziswa kuso ‘njengesampula yokulawula’ yesicibisholo esiluhlaza.
• 7572 — isibonelo se-shú bǐng (熟饼), isicibisholo se-puer esivutshiwe (shu) sase-Menghai. Ngokomqondo wekhodi: iresiphi yango-1975, izinto zokusetshenziswa zebanga lesi-7, ifekthri No. 2. Lena inkomba eyaziwa kakhulu ye-puer evuthiwe.
• 7581 — shú zhuān (熟砖), isitini se-puer esivutshiwe sase-中茶 (ifekthri No. 1, e-Kunming).

Lezi zinombolo ezintathu ziwusizo ukuze uzigcine enkumbulweni njengamaphuzu ayisisekelo: zibonisa ukuthi igridi efanayo enezinombolo ezine iyihlanganisa kanjani isicibisholo esiluhlaza, isicibisholo se-shu, kanye nesitini se-shu esivela emafekthrini ahlukene.

I-唛号 kanye Nesikali Sobuthamba be-Shu-Puer

Idijithi yesithathu yekhodi ixhumene ngqo nohlelo lokulinganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, okubonakala kakhulu nge-puer evutshiwe (shu). Amabanga obuthamba be-maocha ahlelwa kusuka kokuthambile kakhulu kuye kokunamahhadla:

宫廷 (gōngtíng) > 特级 (tèjí) > 一级 > 三级 > 五级 > 七级 > 九级

Kusuka ‘kowasesigodlweni’ (amahlumela amancane kakhulu, acebe ngenhlule) kuye eqabungeni elikhulu, elimahhadla. Ku-màihào idijithi yesithathu ikhombisa le-eksisi: inombolo encane isho ingxenye ethambile ngokwengeziwe kusisekelo seresephi. Yingakho ku-7542 idijithi engu-”4” ikhombisa umxube ocolekile kunongu-”7” ku-7572, okuhambisana nokuthi owokuqala uyisibonelo sesicibisholo esiluhlaza, kuthi oweyesibili ube yisibonelo se-shu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda umkhawulo: ibanga elithi 宫廷／特级／一—九级 liyisici sezinto zokusetshenziswa nobuthamba bazo, hhayi ikhwalithi yesiphuzo esiphelele noma ibanga lesihlahla setiyela. Ibanga eliphezulu lisho ukuba khona kwamahlumela amancane, acolekile kumxube, kodwa aliqinisekisi ukunambitheka “okungcono” — ngepuer evuthiwe ibhalansi yengxenye enkulu nencane ngokuvamile yiyona eyakha umzimba nesakhiwo.

Ukunambitheka, Ukugxaza kanye Nokuthi Ikhodi Ithini Ngenkomishi

I-唛号 ngokwayo ayichazi ukunambitheka kwenkomishi ephelele — ibeka isakhiwo sokulindela. Isicibisholo esiluhlaza esiyisibonelo somugqa werejese ongu-7542 simayelana nephrofayili eminyene, enesakhiwo ye-puer eluhlaza, evuleka futhi iguquke ngokuhamba kweminyaka yokugcinwa. Izinkomba ze-shu ezingama-7572 no-7581 zimayelana nokutshala okufudumele, okunambitheka njengomhlabathi nokhuni, okubushelelezi kwetiyi evutshiwe, ekulungele ukuphuzwa ngokushesha.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ekunambithekeni kokugcina yilokho okungekho kukhodi: unyaka wangempela wokucindezelwa, izimo kanye nobude besikhathi bokugcinwa, umswakama wendawo yokugcina. Kungalesi sizathu ama-7542 “afanayo” amabili enkomishini angahluka, njengewayini elisencane nelivuthiwe lepulazi elifanayo. Ikhodi ibeka ibanga lezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nomqondo womxube; isikhathi nendawo yokugcina kubhala okunye okuseleyo.

Lapho ugxaza, kufanele uncike ohlotsheni lwetiye, olufihlwe yikhodi (isicibisholo esiluhlaza noma esivutshiwe, isitini), kanye nobudala besampula ethile, hhayi inombolo uqobo — imane nje ikutshela ukuthi umndeni werejese ongaphansi kwalo.

Umlando Namasiko Ohlelo

Ukuvela kwe-màihào ngo-1976 kubonisa inkathi lapho itiyela lase-Yunnan lalikhiqizwa futhi lisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kohlelo oluhleliwe, olugxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe lwamafekthri amakhulu kahulumeni. Ikhodi efanayo yaxazulula inkinga engokoqobo: yayivumela uku-oda, ukuthumela nokuphinda kukhiqizwe izindlela zokupheka eziqondile kungakhathalekile unyaka, ngaphandle kokuchaza ukwakheka komxube ngamagama isikhathi ngasinye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinombolo ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu zakha udumo futhi zaphenduka amagama ajwayelekile — ama-7542 nama-7572 namuhla ayaziwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwemibhalo yefekthri futhi asebenza ‘njengezibonelo’ ezinengqondo zezigaba ze-puer eluhlaza ne-shu-puer.

Ngale ndlela ukubhala amabhuku kwefekthri kwaphenduka ingxenye yolimi lwamasiko lwe-puer: abaqoqi nabahwebi bathi “amashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu amane nesibili,” besho isiko lonke lweresiphi, hhayi iqulu elilodwa.

Indlela Yokugwema Amaphutha Lapho Ufunda i-唛号

Izikhombisi-ndlela ezimbalwa ezingokoqobo, ukuze ikhodi ikusebenzele, hhayi ukuthi ikudukise:

• Ungaphambanisi iresiphi nonyaka wokukhiqiza. Amadijithi amabili okuqala awunyaka weresephi, hhayi idethi yokucindezelwa kwesiqhumane esithile. Ubuncane nobudala bequlu kufanele kutholwe ngokuhlukile.
• I-唛号 ayisona isiphawuli sokugcinwa. Ikhodi ayisho lutho ngokuthi itiyela lalichithwe kuphi noma kanjani; ukuvuthwa nendawo yokugcina kuhlolwa ngetiyela uqobo kanye nolwazi oluhambisana nalo.
• Funda idijithi yokugcina njengefekthri. Ngokushesha thola umenzi: 1 — Kunming/中茶, 2 — Menghai/大益, 3 — Xiaguan, 4 — Puer.
• Idijithi yesithathu ubuthamba bezinto zokusetshenziswa, hhayi ikhwalithi. Inombolo encane isho umxube ocolekile, kodwa hhayi itiyela “elingcono” ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Khumbula ubude bekhodi. Amadijithi amane — umkhiqizo ocindezelwe; amahlanu — i-maocha evulekile.

Uma sewukwazi lokhu kuhlela, uyeka ukubona izinombolo eziyindida esembozweni bese uqala ukufunda kuso ulwazi olufushane: unyaka weresephi, ibanga leqabunga kanye nefekthri, — ushiya indawo yombuzo oyinhloko nganoma iyiphi i-puer, ikhodi engawuphenduli, — ukuthi leli tiyela lineminyaka emingaki nokuthi laligcinwe kanjani.

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Izihloko ezihlobene: I-唛号 kanye ne-shu-puer, izizinda zasemaphandleni kanye nobudala bezihlahla, izinkathi zokukhiqiza — kuxoxwa ngazo ezingxenyeni eziyisipesheli.