建瓯

Izifunda ezimbili ezingaphandle—iFúʼān 福安 empumalanga kanye neJiànʼōu 建瓯 enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian—azivamile ukuvela kumalebula, kodwa yizona eziqeda ukwakha imephu egcwele yezindawo zetiye elimhlophe futhi zisize ekuqondeni ukuthi umngcele ophakathi kwesitayela sasempumalanga kanye nesasenyakatho udlula kuphi.

Ama-Fujian amabili: impumalanga nenyakatho

Irejista yezindawo zetiye elimhlophe ifundazwe ihlukaniswe izigodi ezimbili ezinkulu, futhi lokhu kuphikisana kunquma konke—kusukela kumbala weqabunga elomile kuya endleleni yokukhula kwetiye.

I-Fujian esempumalanga—iMǐndōng 闽东—yizigodi zesifunda saseNingde: iFúdǐng 福鼎, iFúʼān 福安, iZhèróng 柘荣. Iqabunga elomile lapha linombala ompunga-oluhlaza (灰绿), uketshezi olukhanyayo, ukunambitheka kuhlanzekile futhi kusha (清鲜淡). Ngokomlando, kulapho itiye elimhlophe lalisuka khona liyothunyelwa eYurophu nase-USA.

I-Fujian esenyakatho—iMǐnběi 闽北—yizigodi zesifunda saseNanping: iZhènghé 政和, iJiànyáng 建阳, iSōngxī 松溪 kanti, ngaphandle kakhulu, iJiànʼōu 建瓯. Iqabunga lapha linombala onsundu ngokumpunga (铁灰), uketshezi lujiyile futhi lugcwele (浓厚).

Umehluko oyinhloko kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwalezi zigodi yindlela yokwenza ukubuna. EFuding indlela evelele yi-rìguāng wēidiāo 日光萎凋—ukubuna ngelanga, kanti eZhenghe benza i-shìnèi yīngān 室内阴干 kanye nokomisa emabhulohweni amboziwe-egalari (廊桥)—empeleni emthunzini, cishe ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Lomehluko ubeka isici sayo yonke eminye imimandla, kuhlanganise nale emibili yethu.

I-Fu’an: ibhande elisempumalanga, izindawo eziphansi nezimaphakathi

IFúʼān 福安 ingeyasempumalanga iMǐndōng futhi ngokwezokuphatha ingenela isifunda saseNingde—isifunda esifanayo neseFuding eyisilinganiso. Iziza zetiye zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphansi nezimaphakathi, ngaphandle kwezintaba eziphakeme ezigqamayo, okuyinto edume ngazo, isibonelo, i-Zhèróng 柘荣 engumakhelwane noma iZhènghé 政和 esenyakatho.

Kurejista, iFu’an ifakwe ku-Tier B—lena indawo yokusebenzela, hhayi eyisilinganiso. Iphrofayili yayo ichazwa njengethambile futhi enesimo esihle, ngaphandle kobunjalo obuqhakazile ‘bokuphefumula kwezintaba’ (山场气), okuwuphawu lweZhenghe yezintaba eziphakeme. Ukubuna lapha kwenziwa ngendlela yelanga noma ngohlelo oluhlanganisiwe—ifùshì 复式, oluhlanganisa ilanga nendawo ebiyelwe. Ngalokho, iFu’an ngokwezobuchwepheshe isondela ngasesitayeleni saseFuding, ‘esasempumalanga’, esikhanyayo nesisha.

I-Jian’ou: indawo engaphandle esenyakatho

IJiànʼōu 建瓯—isifunda esisenyakatho yesifunda saseNanping, esifakwe endaweni yaseMǐnběi. Kurejista imakwe ngqo ngokuthi ‘indawo engaphandle esenyakatho’ (闽北-外围): akusona isizinda sokukhiqiza itiye elimhlophe, kodwa indawo esemngceleni webhande elisuka enyakatho neFujian. Iziza zisendaweni eziphakeme ezimaphakathi.

Umehluko oyisisekelo weJian’ou kuFu’an yindlela yokucubungula. Lapha ukubuna kwenziwa endlini (室内), ngaphandle kokuncika elangeni, okuvumelana nengqondo yasenyakatho yeZhenghe neJianyang. Iphrofayili ilula: igcwele, ithambile-iminyene (醇). Leli yitiye lesimo ‘sasenyakatho’, nakuba ngesikhundla—iTier B—lihlala liyindawo esizayo, hhayi eyinhloko.

Indawo ngokwayo yegama iyathakazelisa: iJian’ou kanye neJianyang engumakhelwane ngokomlando zithambekele endaweni yaseJianzhou, okunikeze igama kumatiye amaningi aseFujian. Kodwa kurejista yetiye elimhlophe, iJian’ou ithatha indawo ethobekile emngceleni, kuyilapho udumo lwetiye elimhlophe lasenyakatho lungelelwe iZhenghe neJianyang.

I-Cultivar: “Iqabunga elikhulu laseFu’an”

Inani eliyinhloko elizimele laseFu’an yi-cultivar yayo uqobo. Lena yiFúʼān dàbái chá 福安大白茶, eyaziwa ohlelweni lukazwelonke lwezinhlobo ngenkomba iHuáchá sān hào 华茶3号 (“Itiye LaseShayina No. 3”). Ukuba sohlelweni olusemthethweni ‘lwamatiye aseShayina’ kuwuphawu lokuthi lolu hlobo lwamukelwe njenge-cultivar ethuthukisiwe yezinga likazwelonke.

Ukuqhathanisa: amatiye amhlophe ayisilinganiso asenyakatho asekelwe kuZhènghé dàbái 政和大白—uhlobo lwamacembe amakhulu lwaseZhenghe, olunikeza isitayela sasenyakatho ukuminyana kwaso kanye nekhono elide lokukhula. IFu’an inesisekelo sayo sezinhlobo, okwenza isifunda singabi nje esingemuva, kodwa esibonakala nge-cultivar yaso.

Ngokuqondene neJian’ou, irejista ayiqophi uhlobo oluthile oluneqama—olunye uphawu lwesimo sayo esiyindawo engaphandle ohlelweni lwamazinga etiye elimhlophe.

Ukucubungula: lapho umngcele wezobuchwepheshe udlula khona

Itiye elimhlophe liyisigaba esinokungenelela okuncane: iqabunga liyabunwa bese liyomiswa, ngaphandle kokuqinisa (杀青) nokusonga. Ngakho-ke isihluthulelo sesitayela yindlela kanye yokubuna, hhayi ‘ukuqeda’.

• IFu’an — ukubuna ngelanga (日光) noma okuhlanganisiwe (复式). Lesi yisikole sasempumalanga: iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama ngaphandle kwesibhakabhaka, itiye liphuma likhanya, lisha, linephunga elidlanga.
• IJian’ou — ukubuna endlini (室内). Lena yisikole sasenyakatho: kuhamba kancane, emthunzini, futhi umphumela ujulile futhi uminyene.

Ngaleyo ndlela, izifunda ezimbili zithola ukuthi zisezinhlangothini ezehlukene zomehluko omkhulu waseFujian, nakuba kungekho neyodwa yazo eyinsika yawo eyisilinganiso. IFuding neZhenghe zibeka amaphuzu aqhelelene obubanzi, kanti iFu’an neJian’ou zitholakala ziseduze nabaholi bazo bezigodi.

Ukunambitheka Nokwenza Itiye

Iphrofayili elindelekile yawo womabili la matiye kufanele iqondwe ngobulungu besigodi.

IFu’an inikeza uketshezi oluthambile, oluhlanzekile, olukhanyayo ngendlela yasempumalanga—ngaphandle kokuqina, kanye nokusha okulingene. Lesi yisitayela ‘esinesimo esihle’: sijabulisayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwethonya eligqamile lendawo yezintaba.

IJian’ou — ukunambitheka kwasenyakatho: kugcwele futhi kuyindilinga (醇), kunomzimba ominyene kakhulu, kunozakwabo basempumalanga.

Imigomo evamile yokwenza itiye elimhlophe iyasebenza kukho kokubili: amanzi athambile, amanzi abilayo angaphelele ezinhlotsheni ezithambile (amabud namakhefu eqabunga elilodwa), amanzi ashisayo kanye nokugcwalisa okude kweqabunga elivuthiwe. Amatiye amhlophe asempumalanga ngokuvamile avuleka ngokushesha futhi azwakala ecijile esimweni esisha; awasenyakatho adinga isineke esengeziwe, kodwa agcina isakhiwo sawo isikhathi eside lapho egugile.

Ukukhula: iphethini yesigodi ebalulekile

Irejista iqopha isici esijwayelekile: amatiye asempumalanga (njengawaseFuding) akhula ngokushesha, kanti awasenyakatho (awaseZhenghe) amelana isikhathi eside, futhi lapho ekhula, ukunambitheka kwawo kuya ngokuqina. Ngokuqondene nezifunda zethu, lokhu kusho ukuthi iFu’an isondelene nephrofayili ‘esheshayo’ yasempumalanga, kanti iJian’ou isondelene nephrofayili ‘ehamba kancane’ yasenyakatho. Kumthengi, lena inkomba esebenzayo: iqabunga lasempumalanga limnandi uma liselisha, elisenyakatho linamandla amakhulu okuguga isikhathi eside.

Indlela Yokuhlukanisa Nokuthi Kungani Ukwazi Kubalulekile

IFu’an neJian’ou cishe azikaze zisebenze ‘njengamabhrendi’ azimele—indima yazo ukwakha imephu ngokugcwele nokuchaza umqondo ophelele wetiye elimhlophe laseFujian.

Izikhombisi-ndlela zokuqonda:

• Isigodi. IFu’an—impumalanga (iMǐndōng, isifunda saseNingde), iJian’ou—inyakatho (iMǐnběi, isifunda saseNanping).
• Ukubuna. IFu’an ithambekele elangeni nasohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe, iJian’ou—ekubuneni endlini.
• Uhlobo. IFu’an ine-cultivar enegama iFúʼān dàbái (iHuáchá sān hào 华茶3号); iJian’ou ayivezi uhlobo oluzimele oluneqama kurejista.
• Iphrofayili. IFu’an—ithambile, ikhanyayo, impumalanga; iJian’ou—iminyene kakhulu, inyakatho.
• Isimo. Zombili—iTier B: izindawo ezisebenzayo, hhayi eziyisilinganiso, ngokungafani neTier S (iFuding neZhenghe).

Ngokwazi lezi zifunda ezimbili, kulula ukufunda yonke imephu: izilinganiso (iFuding neZhenghe) zibeka izinsika zelanga nomthunzi, izifunda eziwumgogodla (iJianyang—isizinda segòngméi 贡眉 kanye neshuǐxiān bái 水仙白) zigcina amasiko athile, kanti iFu’an neJian’ou zikhombisa ukuthi izitayela zezigodi zisakazeka kanjani ziye ezindaweni ezingaphandle, zigcina ukwethembeka engxenyeni yazo yesifundazwe.