yuǎn'ān lùyuàn

I-Yuan’an Luyuan (远安鹿苑, yuǎn’ān lùyuàn) itiye eliphuzi elinamaqabunga amancane (黄小茶, huáng xiǎo chá) elivela esifundeni sase-Yuan’an esifundazweni sase-Hubei, elibonakala ngesimo salo seqabunga esiyisici esithi «环子脚» (huán zǐ jiǎo) kanye namachashaza athi «鱼子泡» (yú zǐ pào). Yilona kuphela itiye eliphuzi lomlando lase-Hubei futhi lingelinye «lamatiye amakhulu amahlanu aphuzi» (五大黄茶, wǔ dà huáng chá).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: itiye eliphuzi.
• Isigaba: itiye eliphuzi elinamaqabunga amancane — 黄小茶 (huáng xiǎo chá).
• Isimo: elinye «lamatiye amakhulu amahlanu aphuzi» (五大黄茶, wǔ dà huáng chá); ukuphela kwetiye eliphuzi lomlando lesifundazwe sase-Hubei.
• Umsuka: isifunda sase-Yuan’an (远安, yuǎn’ān), isifundazwe sase-Hubei — indawo enamagquma asezansi kwezintaba.
• Igama: lisuselwa endaweni yokuhlala yamaBuddha i-Luyuan (鹿苑寺) — ngokwezinhlamvu, 鹿 (lù) isho «inyamazane» futhi 苑 (yuàn) isho «ingadi, indawo evikelwe»; itiye laleli gama kudala lihlotshaniswa nomnotho wethempeli kanye nemithambeka ezungezile.

Ngokungafani namanye amatiye aphuzi adumile, agxile e-Hunan, e-Sichuan, e-Anhui nase-Zhejiang, i-Luyuan iwukuphela kwesibonelo salesi sigaba esikhule emhlabathini wase-Hubei, okuyinto eyenza libe yingqayizivele ngokwendawo.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Igama elithi «Luyuan» lixhumanisa itiye nendawo yethempeli kanye nesiko elidala lokulima emithambekeni ezungeze indawo yokuhlala: njengamanye amatiye amaningi adumile aseShayina, lakhula ngenxa yesimiso sentaba-mphakatsi wezindela, lapho ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla zetiye kwakuyingxenye yempilo yezomnotho neyamasiko. E-Hubei, i-Luyuan ingumthwali wesimo esikhethekile sesifunda: isifundazwe saziwa kabanzi ngamatiye aluhlaza namnyama, kodwa yi-Luyuan okuyiyona egcina isikhundla saso esigabeni lamatiye aphuzi, okuyenza ibe igama elilodwa «eliphuzi» lase-Hubei kwirekhodi likazwelonke.

Ngokungafani namatiye aphuzi «adumile» anozalo lwasebukhosini (贡茶), njenge-Junshan Yinzhen noma i-Mengding Huang Ya, i-Luyuan ngokuyinhloko itiye lobuciko, elicwengisiswe ngobuchwepheshe, inani lalo lisekelwe ekuthambekiseni isikhathi eside okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesimo esibonakalayo, hhayi emlandweni omangalisayo. Lokhu futhi kuchaza isithunzi salo sika «nzima» ekusebenzeni: i-闷黄 (mèn huáng) ende idinga ukulawula okunembile kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama, uma kungenjalo itiye lisuke kalula liye ekubeni «luhlaza» noma libe lukhuni ngokwedlulele.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Izinto zokusetshenziswa: ikhasi elisha elivunwe ngenkathi yokukhiwa kwe «iqabunga elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa kuya kwamabili» (1芽1~2叶) — into evamile yesigaba se-黄小茶.
• Izinga lobuncane: akuseyona iqabunga elilodwa, njengakuma «amathupha aphuzi» (黄芽茶, huáng yá chá), kepha kuseyihlumela elisemncane, lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
• Isici esikhethekile: leli zinga lobuncane liyisivumelwano phakathi kwephunga elimnandi leqabunga kanye nokuminyana okuqinile kweqabunga elincane; yilokhu okuyinika i-Luyuan inhlanganisela ye-«phunga elimsulwa» eliqinile (清香, qīng xiāng) kanye nokunambitheka okuminyene, okusuthisayo.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokulima:

• Indawo: izwe elinamagquma ezansi kwezintaba zesifunda sase-Yuan’an — indawo eyinkimbinkimbi.
• Izimo: ukukhanya okuhlakazekile nomoya omswakama kudala izimo ezithambile zokukhula kwehlumela lasentwasahlobo.
• Ukuvuna: kuhlelwe ukuthi kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho ihlumela lingakabi lukhuni futhi ligcina kahle isimo salo ngesikhathi sokusetshenzwa ngesandla.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Luyuan ingeyamatiye aphuzi, futhi wona, njengalo lonke lolu hlobo, uchazwa isigaba esibalulekile sokuthambekisa — i-闷黄 (mèn huáng), okungukuthi ukugcinwa kwempahla engakapheleli efudumele, enomswakama ngaphansi kwekhava, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuphuzi okungagciniwe (hhayi ukufakwa kwe-oxidation). E-Luyuan, lena i-闷黄 eyinkimbinkimbi, enwetshiwe ethatha cishe amahora ayisithupha — inde ngokuphawulekayo kunasezindlini eziningi zamatiye aphuzi, futhi yilobu bude obakha umbala ogqamile osagolide wokumnandi kanye neqabunga, kunciphise ubukhali obuluhlaza futhi kugqamise inothi ethambile, «ebandayo».

Umqondo ojwayelekile wokucubungula wakheka ngalemigomo ezungeze lesi sinyathelo:

• 杀青 (shā qīng) — ukumiswa kwesenzo: ukugazinga ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kumisa ama-ferments futhi kumise iphunga lokuqala. Yilokhu kusebenza okunamandla ngokushisa okunikeza phezu kweqabunga lawo machashaza ayisici — wona kanye lawo ma-鱼子泡, «amachashaza ezinsana zezinhlanzi», afana namachashaza ezinhlanzi.
• 闷黄 (mèn huáng) — ukuthambekisa okuthatha cishe amahora ayisithupha, lapho ikhasi liphuzi kancane futhi lithole isimbo esiyindilinga, esithambile sokunambitheka.
• Ukubumba nokomisa — ukusonta nokuginqika kwekhasi, okuyinikeza isimo saso esiyisici esigobile esinjenge-«hook» — i-环子脚 («isondo lomlenze»), kanye nokomisa kokugcina, okuqinisa isimo nephunga.

Inhlanganisela yokumiswa kwesenzo okunamandla, ukuthambekisa isikhathi eside, kanye nokubumba ngokucophelela kuchaza ukubukeka kwetiye eliphelele: ama-«hook» aqinisiwe, asagolide nokuluhlaza anamachashaza ezinsana ezinhlanzi amnyama.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Umnandi: osagolide ogqamile (金黄, jīn huáng), okhanyayo.
• Iphunga: elimsulwa neliqinile (清香持久, qīng xiāng chí jiǔ), ngaphandle kobukhali obuluhlaza obunotshani, obujwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza.
• Ukunambitheka: okuminyene, okusuthisayo, «okunomzimba» (醇厚, chún hòu), kunenothi ebandayo ebonakalayo ekunambithekeni kwakho konke, okuyinto eyihlukanisa nesimbo «esimnandi nesithambile» samanye amatiye aphuzi amaningi.
• Isimo sekhasi elomile: ama-«hook» aqinisiwe, asagolide nokuluhlaza (环子脚) anamachashaza ezinsana ezinhlanzi amnyama (鱼子泡).

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Ukwenza itiye kuhambisana nomqondo wetiye eliphuzi elintekenteke: amanzi angaphansi nje kwezinga lokubila, i-gaiwan yobumba noma isitsha sengilazi, esizokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuvuleka kwama-«hook» kanye nombala osagolide wokumnandi. Kungcono ukugwema amanzi abilayo kanye nokufaka isikhathi eside: i-闷黄 ende isivele inikeze ukunambitheka ukujula, futhi ukushisa ngokweqile kuzokwenza iphunga libe likhuni. Amathekhi amafushane ambalwa embula itiye kancane — kusukela kwiphunga elimsulwa lamathekhi okuqala kuya enkabeni eminyene, ebandayo.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

Nansi imihlahlandlela embalwa ewusizo yokuhlukanisa i-Luyuan yangempela:

1. Isimo se-环子脚. Ikhasi elomile lisontelwe esimweni esibonakalayo esiqinile esigobile-«hook» («isondo lomlenze»), hhayi ukuthi seluliwe njengenaliti eqondile, njengasamathupha aphuzi, futhi hhayi ukuthi lisongelwe ibe isicaba.
2. Amachashaza e-鱼子泡. Ngaphezu kwekhasi, kukhona amachashaza amancane amnyama «ama-bubbles», afana nezinsana zezinhlanzi, — umkhondo wokumiswa kwesenzo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu; lesi ngesinye sezimpawu ezithembeke kakhulu zokwakheka.
3. Umbala wokumnandi. Ithoni emsulwa, egqamile esagolide — umphumela wokuthambekisa okuqhubekayo kwamahora ayisithupha; umnandi oluhlaza okotshani, «onotshani» ukhomba i-闷黄 enganele kanye nokudlulela ohlotsheni lwetiye eliluhlaza.
4. Isimbo sokunambitheka. Ukuminyana nokusutha kokunambitheka kuhlangene nenothi ebandayo ekunambithekeni kwakho konke kuhlukanisa i-Luyuan kumathupha aphuzi amtoti-athambile kanye nasematiyeni aluhlaza abukhali-aqabulayo.
5. Umsuka. I-Luyuan yangempela ivela esifundeni sase-Yuan’an e-Hubei; yilesi sixhumanisi seseografia kanye nesimo sokuba yilo kuphela itiye eliphuzi lase-Hubei okuyihlukanisa namanye amatiye aphuzi anamaqabunga amancane afanayo ngokubukeka avela e-Hunan nase-Zhejiang.

Ngamafuphi, yinhlanganisela ethi «i-terroir yase-Hubei — izinto ezingamaqabunga amancane — i-闷黄 ende — isimo se-环子脚 kanye namachashaza e-鱼子泡 — umnandi osagolide onokunambitheka okupholile» okwenza ubuso be-Yuan’an Luyuan, itiye, elimele lodwa isigaba esiphuzi sesifundazwe salo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Kunkulunkulu wamatiye aphuzi, i-Luyuan ibambe isikhundla esigabeni se-黄小茶 — «amatiye aphuzi anamaqabunga amancane». Ukwahlukaniswa kwakudala kwetiye eliphuzi kuhamba ngobuncane bezinto zokusetshenziswa:
  • 黄芽茶 (huáng yá chá) — ngamathupha (君山银针, 蒙顶黄芽, 霍山黄芽 — «amathupha amathathu adumile aphuzi»);
  • 黄小茶 (huáng xiǎo chá) — ngamaqabunga amancane amtoti, okuyilapho i-Luyuan ingena khona kanye ne-Pingyang Huang Tang, i-Beigang Maojian, ne-Weishan Maojian;
  • 黄大茶 (huáng dà chá) — ngamaqabunga amakhulu, alukhuni ngokwengeziwe.
• I-Luyuan ifakwe ngokungaguquki phakathi «kwamatiye amakhulu amahlanu aphuzi» (五大黄茶) — lokhu kuwuphawu lwesikhundla sayo emkhakheni wamatiye aphuzi adumile aseShayina futhi kuyisiqiniseko sokuthi isiko lase-Hubei letiye eliphuzi liyavunywa ngokwezinga elifanayo nelase-Hunan, elase-Sichuan nelase-Anhui.